replication Flashcards

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1
Q

how are both new strands synthesised

A

in a 5’ to 3’ direction and both strands grow discontinuously ‘backstitching’

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2
Q

what do Okazaki fragments do

A

ligated together to form a continuous new strand

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3
Q

why is RNA needed to help with DNA replication

A

as DNA polymerase only extends double stranded chains

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4
Q

what does the enzyme primase do

A

it releases an RNA primer

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5
Q

where is the RNA primer found

A

on the replication origin (leading strand) or at the origin of each okasaki fragment (lagging strand)

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6
Q

how big are RNA primers

A

they are small (about 10 base pairs) and prime the 5’ to 3’ synthesis of okasaki fragments

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7
Q

what does nuclease do

A

removes the primer and repair polymerase fills the gap which is joined by DNA ligase (glue)

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8
Q

what does helices do

A

opens the double helix

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9
Q

what does the clamp do

A

holds DNA polymerase on DNA

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10
Q

What do single-stranded binding proteins do

A

prevent the double helix reforming in reannealing

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11
Q

how is DNA polymerase self-correcting

A

it has exonuclease activity located in a separate domain (exo) from the polymerase domain (pol). Mismatched bases cause the growing strand to flip into the exo domain, where they are cut out

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12
Q

what does replication involve

A

many enzymes

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13
Q

what starts DNA replication

A

RNA Primers that are madly primate

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14
Q

what does DNA polymerase proof-read

A

the new DNA strand

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