Macromolecules and subunits

Question 1

what is a bacterial cell made up of

Answer 1

70% H2O
30% chemicals
(4% ions and small molecules
2% phospholipids
1% DNA
RNA 6%
Proteins 15%
polysaccharides 2%)

Question 2

what are Macromolecules and their subunits

Answer 2

polysaccharide sugar
protein. amino acids
nucleic acid nucleotide

Question 3

where are macromolecules formed

Answer 3

in a condensation reaction, a new unit is added to the end of the chain and water is released a s any product. Enzymes assemble as subunits in a sequence

Question 4

what holds protein chains together

Answer 4

peptide bonds

Question 5

how many amino acids are there

Answer 5

20

Question 6

what are polar amino acids

Answer 6

hydrophilic

Question 7

what are non-polar amino acids

Answer 7

hydrophobic

Question 8

what are non-polar side chains

Answer 8

they are hydrophobic and they have no interactions with water so get pushed togteer

Question 9

what are disulphide bridges

Answer 9

second type of covalent bond that forms between amino acid side chains e.g sulphur

Question 10

what do weak chemical bonds determine

Answer 10

protein folding patterns

Question 11

what is the order of weak chemical bonds

Answer 11

1. ionic (strongest)
2. hydrophobic
3. hydrogen
4. van der Waals

Question 12

what does weak interactions between side chains cause

Answer 12

peptide chain folding

Question 13

when do proteins have a spherical (globular) shape

Answer 13

when they have a hydrophobic core

Question 14

what are hydrogen bonds

Answer 14

formed between 2 electron attracting atoms- O2 or N2
these bonds are protein no DNA
they form between 2 or 1 atoms in a side chain and between 2 or 1 atoms in the maintain

Question 15

how can u tell what protein structure looks like

Answer 15

1. column chromatography
2. gel electrophoresis
3. sequencing
4. xray crystallograoghy