DNA Repair Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the 3 systems for if mistakes occur during replicating

A
  1. Mismatch repair
  2. Excision repair
  3. Double-strand break repair
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2
Q

when does SOS repair occur

A

when there is a lot of ssDNA at replication forks and DNA polymerase is blocked

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3
Q

what happens if the systems don’t work

A

stop replicating

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4
Q

what occurs in DNA repair

A
  1. recognition and removal of damaged DNA
  2. filling in of missing DNA by DNA polymerase
  3. ligation of the newly-made DNA to the existing DNA
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5
Q

What is mismatch repair

A

when a long DNA section is removed and resynthesises by proof-reading polymerase. Any distortion is recognised by mismatch repair proteins

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6
Q

what is nucleotide excision repair

A

when a damaged nucleotide is recognised by different set of proteins. The base is removed, producing a small gap, which is filled

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7
Q

what are some repair figures

A

1 error per 107 nucleotides (without repair)
1 error per 109 nucleotides ( with repair)

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8
Q

what do mutations cause

A

inherited disease or cancer

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9
Q

what is MMR

A

Mismatch repair- removes long patches of DNA with Mut proteins

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10
Q

what is NER

A

Nucleotide Excision Repair- single nucleotide removed

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11
Q

what is BER

A

Base Excision Repair- a base moiety part is removed

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12
Q

what are medical examples of mutations

A

Xeroderma Pigmentosum (multiple skin cancer) and hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer (HPNCC)

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