Repair And Regeneration

Question 1

What’s the 4 stages of wound healing

Answer 1

Haemostasis
Inflammation
Proliferation
Remodelling

Question 2

What types of cells would be involved in the wound healing process

Answer 2

Fibroblast
Myofibroblasts
Parenchyma cells
Macrophages and lymphocytes
Progenitor cells
Endothelial cells

Question 3

What is granulation tissue

Answer 3

Forms part of the fibrous repair and would form some of the fibrous tissue

Question 4

When would granulation tissue be used

Answer 4

when would have the severe wounds and would need fibrous repair
Scab formation

Question 5

What are the features of the granulation tissue

Answer 5

Angiogenesis (the formation of the new blood vessels)
Immune response
Fills the gaps
Repairs the damaged and lost tissues

Question 6

What is angiogenesis

Answer 6

The formation of the new blood vessels

Question 7

What is the difference between regeneration and repair

Answer 7

Regeneration: have the complete repair, the regain of function and the restoration of tissue
Repair: would have the partial repair, would be for severe cases, would not have the regain of the specialised functions

Question 8

What is primary healing

Answer 8

Regeneration
Small wounds
Clean, little tissues lost complete closure

Question 9

What is the secondary healing

Answer 9

Repair
Would have extensive tissues loss, not have complete repair

Question 10

What is involved in bone healing

Answer 10

Haemostasis (blood clotting)
Inflammation
Granulation tissues (part of the fibrosis tissue formation, cytokines would form the osteoprogenitor cells)
Soft callus (soft tissue and cartilage)
Hard callus (softer tissue then lamella bone)
Lamellar bone
Remodelling

Question 11

What is influences systematic repair and regeneration

Answer 11

Age
Obesity
Drug
Disease and health
Oxygen delivery
Malnutrition

Question 12

What influences the local repair and regeneration

Answer 12

Necrosis
Blood supply
Type, size and location
Local infection

Question 13

What are the collagen defects

Answer 13

Osteogenesis imperfecta (COL1A1 or COL1A2 gene)
Scurvy (vit c abscortic acid)
Elders-Danlos syndrome (mutation in type V collagen or the Lysyl oxidase deficiency - no cross links)

Question 14

What is the main type of collagen that would be used in regeneration

Answer 14

Type 1 collagen

Question 15

What are some of the complications of fibrous repair

Answer 15

-the overgrown fibrosis (keloid)
-the undergrowth of the repair, the fibrous repair would not fully occur
-fibrous repair from myocardial failure, impaired function
-formation of scar tissue int he blood vessels
-over contraction of the scars

Question 16

What factors would determine if something is primary or secondary wound healing

Answer 16

How far the edges are
How much tissue has been lost
(If all of these would be large. This would lead to the secondary REPAIR)

Question 17

What is a scar

Answer 17

The overgrowth of granulation tissue

Question 18

What is it when you have the abnormal scar formation

Answer 18

The keloid

Question 19

What causes a keloid scar to occur

Answer 19

When you would have too much collagen forming in the granulation tissue
This would then lead to the overgrowth and the keloid scar formation

Question 20

What is proud flesh

Answer 20

The granulation tissue that growths over (pink and bumpy)