CellularDaptions

Question 1

What is hyperplasia

Answer 1

This would be the increase in the number of cells in the body
This would mainly happen in the labile and stable tissues
When have the increased functional demand

Question 2

What are the example of hyperplasia

Answer 2

The hyperplasia of the bone marrow when would have Hypoxia (increase EPO)
Proliferation of the endometrium from oestrogen
Thyroid goitre from low iodine
Eczema

Question 3

What is hypertrophy

Answer 3

Increased cell size
Labile and stable tissues but ESPECIALLY IN THE PERMANENT TISSUES
Increased functional demand of the hormonal stimulation

Question 4

What are some examples of hypertrophy

Answer 4

Right ventricle hypertrophy from the increased pressure
Skeletal muscle in body builders
Pregnancy (with hyperplasia)
When one organ would lose its function, the other would grow to compensate

Question 5

What are labile tissues

Answer 5

The tissues that would have the big regenerative ability and the high turnover
E.g.intestinal epithelium

Question 6

What are the stable tissues

Answer 6

Good regeneration ability but would have the low turnover
E.g. the hepatocytes

Question 7

What are the permanent tissues

Answer 7

The tissues that would have no regenerative abilities and no turnover
E.g. the neurones

Question 8

What is atrophy

Answer 8

The decrease in the cell size
Can result in the cell death

Question 9

What are the examples of the atrophy

Answer 9

Degenerate form disuse
Renal artery stenosis
Atrophy in the menopausal women
Neurone death so degeneration of the muscle surrounding

Question 10

What are some things that atrophy

Answer 10

Loss of blood supply
Inadequate nutrition (the malnutrition)
Loss of endocrine stimulation (so the hormones)

Question 11

What is metaplasia

Answer 11

The change in the cell type from one to another
This can be reversible
The only in the labile and stable tissues

Question 12

What is Barrett’s oesophagus

Answer 12

When would have lots of acid reflux
The cells of the intestine would go to that of the stomach
So would become more glandular

Question 13

What is Barrett’s oesophagus

Answer 13

Acid reflux
The cells of the intestine become like that of the stomach
Become more glandular

Question 14

What is aplastia

Answer 14

The complete failure to form an organ or a tissue
Embryonic development disorder

Question 15

What is hypoplasia

Answer 15

Congenital condition
Underdeveloped or incomplete development of the tissues or organs
Renal, breast, heart Chambers

Question 16

What is involution

Answer 16

The programmed shrinkage of the cells or the tissues
E.g. the mesonephros to form the normal kidney of the baby

Question 17

What is reconstitution

Answer 17

Replacement of the lost body part

Question 18

What is atresia

Answer 18

Congenital imperforation of an opening
Anus
Vaginal
Small bowel
The pulmonary valves

Question 19

What is dysplasia

Answer 19

The formation of the abnormal cells within the tissues
Would occur in the cervix , why need to do a smear test
Normally would show cancer

Question 20

What is important about the R-point of the cell cycle

Answer 20

When cells go past this point, that would then not go back
The cell cycle would be completed until you have s