Renal System Flashcards
What is the function of the kidneys?
Filter, Reabsorption, Endocrine, Excretion, Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalance, pH control, & detoxification of free radicals
(FREE DEFP)
Where does the nitrogen in urea come from?
Breakdown of DNA & RNA
What is BUN?
Blood Urine Nitrogen
- Measure of nitrogen waste in blood (measure of kidney function)
What is the BUN?
7-18 mg/dl
What are the creatine levels?
.7-1.2 mg/dl
Where does creatine come from?
Breakdown of creatine phosphate
What is the function of creatine phosphate?
transfers phosphate to ADP to form ATP
What enzyme is associated with creatine phosphate?
Creatine kinase
How much protein is in urine?
Only .03% (should be very little protein in urine)
How much fluid does a kidney filter per day?
180L
How much fluid is reabsorbed?
99.3%
What hormones/vitamins are found with kidneys
Erythropoietin, Vitamin D3, & renin
What is the function of vitamin D3?
Increases intestinal absorption of CA++ & PO4-3 for building bones
How does the kidneys have pH control?
Buffers the blood
What is retroperitoneal?
The kidneys (behind the peritoenum)
How many nephrons in a kidney?
1 million
What are the 2 levels of mechanical filtration?
Fenestrae & podocytes
Describe fenestrae
Windows/holes in glomerular capillaries
Describe basement membrane
Has (-) charge
- This repels proteins that are smaller than the opening of the fnestrae & podocytes
Describe podocytes
Cells that cover glomerular capillaries & has filtration slits
What are the two types of nephrons?
Cortical & Juxtamedullary
Describe the cortical nephrons
Corpuscle is more superficial & loop of henle is not as deep into the medulla
Describe juxtamedullary nephron
Corpuscles are depper & loop of henle is deep in medulla
What is the afferent arteriole?
Brings unfiltered (dirty) blood to corpuscle
Describe the efferent arteriole
Takes cleaned blood back to circulatory system
What are the 4 structures in a renal corpuscle?
Bowman’s capsule, bowman’s space, glomerular capillaries & podocytes
Describe the bowman’s capsule
Outer shell, made of simple squamous epithelium
Describe the bowman’s space
Collects filtrate
Describe glomerular capillaries
Filters capillaries with fenestrae
Describe podocytes
Cells cover glomerular capillaries with filtration slits (looks like a bunch of Patrick Stars)
What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubles
Takes filtrate from corpuscle
How much in the PCT is water reabsorbed?
65%
How much water reabsorption is done in the loop of henle?
15%
What happens in the thick descending limb of the loop of henle?
Water leaves (concentrating limb)
What happens in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle?
Salt leaves, but not water (diluting limb)
How much water reabsorption in DCT?
10%
