Renal System

Question 1

What is the function of the kidneys?

Answer 1

Filter, Reabsorption, Endocrine, Excretion, Fluid & Electrolyte Imbalance, pH control, & detoxification of free radicals
(FREE DEFP)

Question 2

Where does the nitrogen in urea come from?

Answer 2

Breakdown of DNA & RNA

Question 3

What is BUN?

Answer 3

Blood Urine Nitrogen

- Measure of nitrogen waste in blood (measure of kidney function)

Question 4

What is the BUN?

Answer 4

7-18 mg/dl

Question 5

What are the creatine levels?

Answer 5

.7-1.2 mg/dl

Question 6

Where does creatine come from?

Answer 6

Breakdown of creatine phosphate

Question 7

What is the function of creatine phosphate?

Answer 7

transfers phosphate to ADP to form ATP

Question 8

What enzyme is associated with creatine phosphate?

Answer 8

Creatine kinase

Question 9

How much protein is in urine?

Answer 9

Only .03% (should be very little protein in urine)

Question 10

How much fluid does a kidney filter per day?

Answer 10

180L

Question 11

How much fluid is reabsorbed?

Answer 11

99.3%

Question 12

What hormones/vitamins are found with kidneys

Answer 12

Erythropoietin, Vitamin D3, & renin

Question 13

What is the function of vitamin D3?

Answer 13

Increases intestinal absorption of CA++ & PO4-3 for building bones

Question 14

How does the kidneys have pH control?

Answer 14

Buffers the blood

Question 15

What is retroperitoneal?

Answer 15

The kidneys (behind the peritoenum)

Question 16

How many nephrons in a kidney?

Answer 16

1 million

Question 17

What are the 2 levels of mechanical filtration?

Answer 17

Fenestrae & podocytes

Question 18

Describe fenestrae

Answer 18

Windows/holes in glomerular capillaries

Question 19

Describe basement membrane

Answer 19

Has (-) charge

- This repels proteins that are smaller than the opening of the fnestrae & podocytes

Question 20

Describe podocytes

Answer 20

Cells that cover glomerular capillaries & has filtration slits

Question 21

What are the two types of nephrons?

Answer 21

Cortical & Juxtamedullary

Question 22

Describe the cortical nephrons

Answer 22

Corpuscle is more superficial & loop of henle is not as deep into the medulla

Question 23

Describe juxtamedullary nephron

Answer 23

Corpuscles are depper & loop of henle is deep in medulla

Question 24

What is the afferent arteriole?

Answer 24

Brings unfiltered (dirty) blood to corpuscle

Question 25

Describe the efferent arteriole

Answer 25

Takes cleaned blood back to circulatory system

Question 26

What are the 4 structures in a renal corpuscle?

Answer 26

Bowman’s capsule, bowman’s space, glomerular capillaries & podocytes

Question 27

Describe the bowman’s capsule

Answer 27

Outer shell, made of simple squamous epithelium

Question 28

Describe the bowman’s space

Answer 28

Collects filtrate

Question 29

Describe glomerular capillaries

Answer 29

Filters capillaries with fenestrae

Question 30

Describe podocytes

Answer 30

Cells cover glomerular capillaries with filtration slits (looks like a bunch of Patrick Stars)

Question 31

What is the function of the proximal convoluted tubles

Answer 31

Takes filtrate from corpuscle

Question 32

How much in the PCT is water reabsorbed?

Answer 32

65%

Question 33

How much water reabsorption is done in the loop of henle?

Answer 33

15%

Question 34

What happens in the thick descending limb of the loop of henle?

Answer 34

Water leaves (concentrating limb)

Question 35

What happens in the thick ascending limb of the loop of henle?

Answer 35

Salt leaves, but not water (diluting limb)

Question 36

How much water reabsorption in DCT?

Answer 36

10%