Metabolism

Question 1

What is metabolism?

Answer 1

All chemical processes of an organism

Question 2

What is anabolism?

Answer 2

Combining simple compounds into complex such as growth, wt. gain, etc.

Question 3

What is endergonic?

Answer 3

Require input of energy (absorbs energy)

Question 4

What is catabolism?

Answer 4

Breaking complex compounds down into simpler ones

Question 5

What is catabolism?

Answer 5

Breaking compounds into simpler ones (digestion)

Question 6

What is exergonic?

Answer 6

Give off energy (like heat)

Question 7

What is the process proteins must undertake in order to be made into ATP?

Answer 7

It must be converted into acetyl groups thru 2 steps:

1) Hydrolysis
2) Deamination

Question 8

What does hydrolysis do?

Answer 8

Enzymes break peptide bonds into separate amino acids

Question 9

What is deamination?

Answer 9

Removing the amine group (NH2) from the amino acids

Question 10

What happens to an amine group after deamination?

Answer 10

Excreted as urea

Question 11

What must lipid & carbs be converted into to make ATP?

Answer 11

Acetyl groups

Question 12

How much calories is a tablespoon of glucose?

Answer 12

40kcal (15min. Exercise)

Question 13

How much energy in glucose?

Answer 13

40% energy comes from glucose

60% becomes heat

Question 14

What is cellular respiration?

Answer 14

Utilization of energy (ATP) from nutrients

Question 15

What is the formula for cellular respiration?

Answer 15

C6H12O6 + O2 > 6CO2 + 6H20

Question 16

How much ATP is made thru cellular respiration?

Answer 16

36-38 ATP

Question 17

What are the steps to cellular respiration?

Answer 17

1) Glycolysis
2) Intermediate reaction
3) Kreb’s Cycle
4) Electron Transport Chain/Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 18

Is Glycolysis aerobic or anaerobic respiration?

Answer 18

Anaerobic

Question 19

Where does glycolysis take place in?

Answer 19

The Cytoplasm

Question 20

What are the products from glycolysis of one glucose molecule?>

Answer 20

2 Pyruvic Acid
2 NADH
2 H20
2 ATP (total of 4, but 2 was used)
H+

Question 21

What is the oxidized form of 2NADH called?

Answer 21

NAD+

Question 22

What is the reduced form of 2NADH?

Answer 22

NADH

Question 23

What happens to the 2 NADH made in glycolysis?

Answer 23

They pick up the H+ & electrons made, but they can’t go inside mitochondria
- They drop off H+ & 2e to molecules already in the mitochondria

Question 24

What happens if the NADH passes on the electrons & H+ to another NAD+?

Answer 24

3 ATPS will be made

Question 25

What happens if the NADH passes on the electrons & H+ to a FADH2+?

Answer 25

Only 2 ATPS will be made

Question 26

How is lactic acid made?

Answer 26

When O2 levels are low, pyruvic acid gets turned into lactic acid

Question 27

What does lactic acid cause?

Answer 27

Pain in exercising

Question 28

What causes the pain in angina pectoris?

Answer 28

Lactic acid build up due to clogged coronary arteries

Question 29

What is the cori cycle?

Answer 29

Lactic acid is changed back into pyruvic acid

Question 30

What is alcoholic fermentation?

Answer 30

Yeast | Uses 1 glucose to make 2 ATP & 2 CO2 + Ethanol

Question 31

How is the pyruvic acid prepped for kreb’s cycle?

Answer 31

Chops off one of the carbon off CO2 (3Cs) Becomes acetate ion (2Cs)

Question 32

Where does the intermediate reaction occur in?

Answer 32

Matrix of mitochondria

Question 33

What happens during the intermediate reaction stage?

Answer 33

Actetate enzyme attaches to co-enzyme A this make acetyl Co-Enzyme A

Question 34

What does Acetyl-Coenzyme A do?

Answer 34

Carries acetate ion into kreb’s cycle

Question 35

What are the products of the intermediate reactions?

Answer 35

CO2 NADH H+ Acetate ion

Question 36

Where does the kreb’s cycle take place in?

Answer 36

Mitochondria matrix

Question 37

What is the purpose of the kreb’s cycle?

Answer 37

Make fuel for electron chain transport

Question 38

What happens to the CO2 during the kreb’s cycle?

Answer 38

All carbons get released back into the air due to exhalation of lungs (no longer have any carbon)

Question 39

What are the products for ONE round of the Krebs cycle?

Answer 39

3 NADH 1FADH2 1GTP (converts into ATP later on) - This cycle occurs TWICE for 1 glucose, so double results for 1 glucose.

Question 40

Where does the electron chain transport occur?

Answer 40

Membrane of the cristae of the mitochondria

Question 41

What is the purpose of the electron transport chain?

Answer 41

Using NADH & FADH2 made earlier to convert into ATP

Question 42

How many ATP will result from NADH made in cytoplasm?

Answer 42

2-3ATP

Question 43

How many ATP will results from NADH made in the mitochondira?

Answer 43

3 ATP each

Question 44

How many ATP will results from FADH2 made in the mitochondria?

Answer 44

2 ATP Each

Question 45

What is chemiosmosis?

Answer 45

The H+ are pumped out of the mitochondria matrix& into the outer membrane. Then diffuse right back in: this activates ATP Synthase: leads to more ATP

Question 46

Where does the pentose phosphate pathway occur in?

Answer 46

Cytoplasm

Question 47

Which pathway is catbolic & which pathway is anabolic?

Answer 47

Catabolic: Glycolysis Anabolic: Pentose phosphate pathway

Question 48

What are the products of the pentose phosphate pathway?

Answer 48

Ribose 5 phosphate & NADPH

Question 49

What can ribose-5-phosphate make?

Answer 49

DNA | RNA

Question 50

What is ribose?

Answer 50

5-carbon sugar (pentose)

Question 51

Is NADPH reduced or oxidized form

Answer 51

Reduced

Question 52

What is NADPH’s purpopse?

Answer 52

- Reducing power (donates electrons) - Neutralizes Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)/free radicals by donating electrons - Biosynthesis