Renal system

Question 1

Examples of ACE inhibitors

Answer 1

Ramipril, lisinopril, enalapril

Question 2

Angiotensin receptor blocker example and action

Answer 2

Losartan, candesartan block angiotensin receptors

Question 3

What is the name of the drug that binds renin stopping the conversion of angiotensinogen to angiotensin I

Answer 3

Aliskiren

Question 4

Name a drug that acts on aldosterone and is used in heart failure

Answer 4

Spironolactone

Question 5

How do NSAID’s affect the renal system?

Answer 5

By blocking the release of prostaglandins in the glomerulus causing uninhibited vasoconstriction (by AGII)

Question 6

How do Calcium channel blockers affect the renal system?

Answer 6

By increasing afferent arteriolar vasodilation causing an increase in GFR

Question 7

How do ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers affect the renal system?

Answer 7

Cause efferent vasodilatation

Question 8

What causes hyperkalaemia in renal abnormalities?

Answer 8

Aldosterone release (can be due to high K+, low plasma sodium osmolality or volume depletion)

Question 9

Drug causes of hyperkalaemia

Answer 9

ACEi, AG2RB, NSAID’s, amiloride, spironolactone, potassium supplements

Question 10

Drug causes of hypokalaemia

Answer 10

Loop diuretics (furosemide, bumetanide), thiazide diuretics (bendroflumethiazide)

Question 11

A complication of metformin use in renal impairment

Answer 11

Lactic acidosis

Question 12

Toxic, anti-rejection drugs used in kidney transplant pts

Answer 12

Ciclosporin and tacrolimus

Question 13

What class of drug can cause obstructive uropathy

Answer 13

Anticoagulants

Question 14

What drugs stop creatinine secretion

Answer 14

Trimethoprim and cimetidine (amiloride, spironolactone, probenecid)