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MEDICATION > Diabetes > Flashcards

Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

What do biguanides do?

A

Improve insulin action

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2
Q

Example of biguanides (1)?

A

Metformin

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3
Q

Side effects of biguanides?

A

Gastro-intestinal disturbance

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4
Q

Mechanism of action of sulphonylureas?

A

Increase insulin production

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5
Q

Main example of a sulphonylurea?

A

GliclazIDE (40mg od - 160mg bd)

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6
Q

Major side effects of sulphonylureas?

A

Hypoglycaemia, weight gain

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7
Q

Mechanism of action of metiglinides?

A

Insulin secretagogues

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8
Q

Examples of metiglinides (2)?

A

Repaglinide and Nateglinide

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9
Q

Major side effects of metiglinides?

A

Mild hypoglycaemia and GI disturbance

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10
Q

Mechanism of action of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

A

Delays glucose absorption

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11
Q

Example of an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor?

A

Acarbose

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12
Q

Major side effects of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors?

A

GI disturbance, flatulence

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13
Q

Mechanism of action of Thiazolidinediones TZD’s?

A

Increases peripheral sensitivity to insulin

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14
Q

Main example of a thiazolidinedione?

A

Pioglitazone

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15
Q

Side effects of thiazolidinediones?

A

Peripheral oedema, anaemia, fractures, avoid in CCF

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16
Q

DPP-4 inhibitor mechanism of action?

A

Protect native GLP-1 from inactivation by DPP-4

17
Q

Examples of DPP-4 inhibitors?

A

Sitagliptin, vildapliptin, saxagliptin, linagliptin, alogliptin

18
Q

GLP-1 receptor agonist mechanism of action?

A

Mimic native GLP-1

19
Q

Examples of GLP-1 receptor agonists?

A

EXENDIN-BASED THERAPY: Byetta (bd), Bydureon (qw), Lixisenatide (od); HUMAN GLP-1 ANALOGUE: Liraglutide (od)

20
Q

SGLT2 inhibitor mechanism of action?

A

Inhibits proximal tubule reabsorption of glucose

21
Q

Examples of SGLT2 inhibitors (4)?

A

Canagliflozin, dapagliflozin, empagliflozin and ipragliflozin (in development)

MEDICATION (13 decks)

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