renal system

Question 1

what is hoemostasis

what are the renal systems main functions

Answer 1

maintenance of body’s internal environment

• Blood pH and pressure control
• Fluid and electrolyte balance
• Removal of waste products and drugs
• Stimulates red blood cell production
• Required for absorption of calcium
• produces waste

Question 2

what are the 4 major structures in the urinary tract

Answer 2

kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra

Question 3

what protects the kidneys

Answer 3

1. being retroperitoneal (posterior to other abdominal organs)
2. vertibral column
3. ribs 11, 12
4. skeletal mucles -back, anterolateral abdominal wall,
   posterior of abdominal wall
5. fat, fascia and capsule of kidney

Question 4

describe the anatomy of the kidneys and its renal hilum

Answer 4

superior pole and inferior pole

renal arterty
renal vein
renal pelvis

Question 5

how does urine drain from the kidneys

Answer 5

nephron collecting ducts
minor calyx
major calyx
renal pelvis
ureter

Question 6

what is the role of the bladder

Answer 6

stores urine,
excretes urine during micturition via urethra
detrusor(smooth muscle) in its walls contracts during micturition

Question 7

describe the appearance of the female urethra

how does its appearance effect the body

Answer 7

short, distensible, opens into the vestibule

urinary tract infections being more common in females
females being easier to catheterise

Question 8

describe the venous drainage of the kidneys

Answer 8

renal veins drain deoxygenated blood into inferior vena cava to be returned to right atrium.

right renal vein - attached to right kidney, shorter. Drains into inferior vena cava

left renal vein - attatched to left vein, longer. Crosses the aorta and drains into the inferior vena cava