oesophagus to anus

Question 1

what is the oesophagus

Answer 1

muscular tube that transmits food and liquids from the pharynx to stomach

Question 2

ABDOMINAL CAVITY - what is the peritoneum

Answer 2

a continuous serous membrane which lines the abdominal cavity, which secretes lubricating peritoneal fluid into the peritoneal cavity

Question 3

what do the layers of the peritoneum do

Answer 3

visceral - invests an organ
parietal - lines the internal body wall

Question 4

what are the organs of the abdominal cavity

Answer 4

liver, terminal oesophagus, stomach, gall blader, pancreas, large intestine, small intestine

Question 5

what is the function of the stomach

Answer 5

defence against infection and digestion

Question 6

what is the function of the small intestine

what are the 3 parts of the small intestine

Answer 6

transit, digestion and absorption

duodenum
jejunum
ileum

Question 7

what is the mesentery and what is its function

Answer 7

double layer of peritoneum that holds the organs to body wall

allows passage of nerves arteries and veins

Question 8

where is the pancreas situated

what is its functions

Answer 8

lies curvature of the duodenum with tail towards the hilum of the spleen

endocrine - releases hormones into blood
exocrine - releases digestive enzymes into small intestine

Question 9

what is the role of the gall bladder
what is the role of the liver

Answer 9

stores and concentrates bile

metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids, proteins
detoxifies blood
bile production

Question 10

what does the biliary system involve

Answer 10

liver
gall bladder
biliary tree
duodenum

production and transport of bile important for digestion of lipids

Question 11

what is the function of the large intestine

Answer 11

transit
reabsorption of h2o and electrolytes
stool formation

Question 12

what is the function of the rectum and anus

Answer 12

stool formation and storage and waste excretion

Question 13

what is the rectum and anal canal muscular wall made from

Answer 13

smooth muscle

Question 14

what is the sphincter around the anus formed from

Answer 14

skeletal muscle

Question 15

what are the 3 parts to the abdominal organs

Answer 15

FOREGUT - coeliac trunk
oesophagus to mid-duodenum
liver and gall bladder
spleen
1/2 of pancreas

MIDGUT - superior mesenteric artery
mid-duodenum to proximal 2/3rd of transverse colon
1/2 pancreas

HINDGUT - inferior mesenteric artery
distal 1/3rd of transverse colon to proximal 1/2 pf anal canal

Question 16

how are nutrients absorbed from GI tract

Answer 16

1. food and liquid are consumes
2. transported through GI tract
3. mainly absorbed by small intestine
4. taken up by portal system blood
5. received and processed by liver
6. transported to heart by systematic circulation
7. pumped round body by heart

Question 17

what are the roles of the venous drainage of the gut

Answer 17

portal vein - formed by union of superior mesenteric veina dn splenic vein

splenic vein - drains forgut

superior mesenteric vein - drains midgut

inferior mesenteric vein - drains hindgut via splenic vein

Question 18

what are the 2 venous systems and what are their functions

Answer 18

1. PORTAL venous system
   - drains from absorbed parts of GI tract and associated organs to the liver via portal vein
   - blood is deoxygenated and nutrient rich
2. SYSTEMATIC venous system
   - drains deoxygenated blood from rest of the body to right atrium of heart
   - include blood from liver via hepatic vein