endocrine Flashcards
what is the endocrine system
A collection of glands from around the body
what are glands responsible for
manufacturing, storing and releasing at least 1 specific hormone
what are hormones involved in regulating
- Metabolism
- Growth
- Reproductive function (inc. pregnancy)
- Body’s stress response
what is homeostasis and what is it required for
Bodys physiological parameters are and kept relatively constant despite opposing external influence
necessary for normal cellular function or else organs and tissues stop working properly
how is homeostasis maintained
negative feedback
describe the 3 different hormonal secretion patterns
- diurnal secretion pattern - predictable over a 24 hour period
- constant secretion pattern - maintenance of physiology function at all times
- episodic secretion pattern - reacts to a specific stimulus and less predictable
describe negative feedback mechanisms from endocrine gland tumours
tumours functions TOO MUCH - hormone is secreted
tumour is NON functioning - tumour destroys glands and too little hormones secreted
what can innapropriate magnitude of chnage in cellular activity lead to
clinical problems - hypersecretion of hormones, hyposecretion of hormones
what are the endocrine glands in each part of the body
HEAD - hypothalamus and pituitary
NECK - 4 parathyroid glands and thyroid glands
ABDOMEN - 2 adrenal glands and pancreas
PELVIS (FEMALE) - 2 ovaries
PERINEUM (MALE) - 2 testes
what connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary gland
the infundibulum
what does the master gland do
secrete hormones from pituitary that control the output of many other endocrine glands
what are the functions of the posterior pituitary glands
manufactures 2 hormones
- oxytocin -
ejection of breast milk
stimulates uterine contraction in child birth
social bonding
Vasopressin (ADH or antidiuretic hormone)
- Aids water retention
what is a portal system and what are the 2 main ones
2 venous capillary beds joined by a portal vein
hypophyseal (endocrine system) and hepatic (GI system)
what does the hypothalamus neuron secrete
- Releasing hormones
* stimulate the anterior pituitary to release its
hormone(s) into the bloodstream - Release-inhibitory hormones
* prevent the anterior pituitary releasing
hormone(s) into the bloodstream
what does the anterior pituitary cells secrete
- Growth hormone (GH)
- Prolactin (milk production)
- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
- Adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)
- Luteinising hormone (LH)
- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
