Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Urinary System > Renal Reabsorption > Flashcards

Renal Reabsorption Flashcards

1
Q

what is the normal extracellular sodium concentrations

A

133-146 mM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is the normal extracellular potassium concentrations

A

3.5-5.3 mM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is the normal intracellular sodium concentrations

A

10-12 mM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the normal intracellular potassium concentrations

A

140-155 mM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the normal extracellular calcium concentrations

A

2.1-2.6 mM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the normal intracellular calcium concentrations

A

10(-7) M

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the normal extracellular chloride concentrations

A

95-108 mM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the normal intracellular chloride concentrations

A

4.2mM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is transcellular reabsorption

A

where substances move through the cell wall (e.g. through transporters)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is paracellular reabsorption

A

where substances move between cells due to concentration gradients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the primary active transporter in the nephron

A

the sodium potassium ATPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what does the sodium potassium ATPase do

A

pump 3 sodium out and 2 potassium in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

where does sodium uptake in the nephron occur

A

in the ascending loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, collecting duct, proximal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how is sodium reabsorbed in the loop of Henle

A

NKCC2 - cotransporter transports sodium, potassium and chloride in

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is sodium reabsorbed in the DCT

A

NCCT - sodium and chloride co transporter

ENaC - epithelial sodium channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what drug blocks NCCT

A

thiazides

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what drug blocks ENaC

A

amiloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how is sodium reabsorbed in the collected duct

A

ENaC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what percentage of bicarbonate ions are reabsorbed in the kidneys

A

100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where is bicarbonate reabsorbed

A

proximal convoluted tubule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

describe bicarbonate reabsorption

A

the sodium hydrogen exchange allows sodium in and hydrogen out. the hydrogen combines to make carbonic acid which then splits into carbon dioxide and water. the carbon dioxide moves back into the luminal cell and helps form bicarbonate which is take. up by an anion exchanger

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

how is water reabsorbed in the collecting duct

A

through aqua porins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what hormone increases the expression of aqua porins

A

anti diuretic hormone

24
Q

what do diuretics do

A

block sodium reabsorption to give a loss of sodium and water in the urine

25
Q

how much sodium is reabsorbed

A

99%

26
Q

through what transporters is water reabsorbed

A

aqua porins

27
Q

what hormones controls the expression of aqua porins

A

anti diuretic hormone

28
Q

why can reabsorption occur in the nephron

A

the luminal and basolateral surfaces of the epithelia lining the tubules are polarised

29
Q

through which transporters is glucose absorbed into the epithelia from the lumen

A

sodium glucose transporter 2

30
Q

what transporter takes glucose from the epithelia to the blood

A

GLUT 2 transporters

31
Q

at what plasma glucose levels are the glucose transporter saturated

A

11 mmol/L

32
Q

what happens when all the glucose transporters are saturated

A

glucose is lost into the urine

33
Q

how is phosphate reabsorbed

A

through a sodium dependant transporter

34
Q

how are amino acid reabsorbed

A

through a sodium dependant transporter

35
Q

how is urea reabsorbed

A

through a sodium dependant transporter

36
Q

how is albumin reabsorbed

A

RME

37
Q

how are vitamins B12 and D3 reabsorbed

A

RME

38
Q

how is calcium reabsorbed

A

once it enters the epithelia, a vitamin D receptor then activates it to be reabsorbed into the blood

39
Q

which part of the nephron reabsorbs the most sodium

A

PCT

40
Q

what channels are found in segment 1 of the PCT

A

NHE
Na glucose symport
Na-Pi co-transporter
Na-AA co-transporter

41
Q

what is pressure natriuresis

A

where sodium is lost in the urine due to an increase in pressure

42
Q

what is pressure diuresis

A

where more water is lost in the urine due to an increase in pressure

43
Q

what transporters are found in segments 2 and 3 of the PCT

A

NHE

44
Q

what drug blocks NHE

A

amiloride

45
Q

what is reabsorbed in the descending limb of the loop of henle

A

water

46
Q

what transporters are found in the descending limb of the loop of Henle

A

aqua porins 2,3 and 4

47
Q

what is reabsorbed in the ascending limb of the loop of henle

A

sodium

48
Q

what channels are found in the ascending limb of the loop of henle

A

NKCC2 and ROMK

49
Q

what channels are in the early DCT

A

NaCl symporters

50
Q

what channels are found in the late DCT

A

ENaC

51
Q

what are NaCl sensitive to

A

thiazide diuretics

52
Q

what are ENaC sensitive to

A

amiloride

53
Q

what 2 cell types are found in the collecting duct

A

principal cells and intercalated cells

54
Q

what do principal cells do

A

reabsorb Na through ENaC channels

55
Q

what do intercalated cells do

A

secrete H+ or bicarbonate to alter blood pH

56
Q

what drives the movement of chloride ions throughout the nephron

A

the electrical gradient set up by the movement of sodium allows a passive paracellular movement of chloride

Urinary System (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions