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Urinary System > Plasma Osmolality > Flashcards

Plasma Osmolality Flashcards

1
Q

what detects a change in plasma osmolality

A

osmoreceptors

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2
Q

where are osmoreceptors found

A

in the OVLT of the hypothalamus

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3
Q

what responses are activated due to an increase in plasma osmolality

A

thirst response and ADH response

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4
Q

when is the thirst response stimulated

A

when the plasma osmolality has increased by 10%

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5
Q

what types of aqua porins are always found in the DCT and CD

A

types 3 and 4

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6
Q

what does ADH do

A

increase the expression of aqua porin 2 channels in the DCT and CD

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7
Q

on which membrane of the cells are aqua porin 2 channels found

A

apical membrane

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8
Q

on which membrane side of the cells are aqua porins 3 and 4 channels founds

A

basolateral

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9
Q

true or false: ADH causes diuresis

A

false - as water will be reabsorbed and not lost into the urine

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10
Q

what is central diabetes insipidus

A

where theres too little ADH

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11
Q

what causes central diabetes insipidus

A

hypothalamus injury, tumour, aneurysm

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12
Q

how is central diabetes insipidus treated

A

oral ADH spray

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13
Q

what osmolality changes in the plasma and urine will occur in central diabetes insipidus

A

high plasma osmolality

low urine osmolality

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14
Q

what is nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A

where problems with the kidneys mean they don’t respond to ADH

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15
Q

what will the urine be like in diabetes insipidus

A

large volumes of dilute urine

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16
Q

true or false: the thirst response will be activated in diabetes insipidus

A

true

17
Q

why do patients get polyuria in diabetes mellitus

A

as theres glucose not being reabsorbed and so left in the nephron tubules - this means more water stays in the tubules as the concentration gradient has decreased, so more water is lost in the urine

18
Q

why do patients get polydipsia in diabetes mellitus

A

as they are losing more water in the urine, their plasma osmolality increases activating the thirst response, making them drink more

19
Q

what does SIADH stand for

A

syndrome of inappropriate ADH

20
Q

what is SIADH

A

where too much ADH is released

21
Q

what happens to the plasma and urine osmolalities in SIADH

A

plasma - decrease

urine -increase

22
Q

describe the movement of urea in the nephron

A

goes through the ascending loop of henle, through the DCT and CD - then diffuses into the interstitum

23
Q

why is urea recycled in the nephron

A

to increase the concentration deep in the medulla

24
Q

through what channels does urea go through in the kidney when its being recycled

A

aqua porin channels

25
Q

true or false: urea recycling is ADH dependant

A

true - as the urea must travel through aqua porins

26
Q

what sets up the concentration gradient from the cortex to the medulla

A

the ascending limb of the loop of henle

27
Q

how does the loop of henle set up the concentration gradient in the cortex to medulla

A

the ascending limb transports salts out into the interstitum
the salts causes water to move into the interstitum from the descending limb of the loop of henle
the movement of salts and water helps to create the gradient

28
Q

what are the vasa recta

A

the blood vessels running parallel to the loop of henle of jutxamedullary nephrons

29
Q

what preserves the concentration gradient in the interstitum

A

vasa recta

30
Q

how does the vasa recta conserve the concentration gradient

A

by taking up the water lost from the descending limb so that it doesn’t dilute the interstitum

31
Q

what is the concentration at the bottom of the medulla in the interstitum

A

1200 mOsm

32
Q

what is the concentration in the cortex/top of the interstitum

A

300 mOsm

33
Q

true or false: at the top of the interstitum, the osmolality is isotonic with plasma

A

true

34
Q

true or false: at the top of the ascending limb of the loop of henle, the osmolality is isotonic with plasma

A

false - it is actually hypotonic (100 mOsm)

Urinary System (12 decks)

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