Renal Physiology Flashcards
Most commonrenal developmental disorder
Renal cystic dysplasia
-abnormal differention of renal structures during embryonic period, with cyst formation
Are adult polycystic kidney disease unilateral or bilateral?
bilateral
- Serous or purulent-filled cysts that destroy parenchyma
- Cysts form from obstructed tubules
- Dull, aching pain in abdomen or back
- Hematuria
- Liver cysts (also common)
Adult polycystic kidney disease
- non-functional kidney, bilaterally at birth
- sponge-like
- cysts from collecting ducts
- Autosomal recessive
Childhood polycystic kidney disease
Most common infective agents of acute pyelonephritis
gram negative - E.coli**, (also Klebsiella, Enterobacter, pseudomonas, serritia, proteus)
Fever, chills, malaise, sudden sharp costovertebral pain
Acute pyelonephritis
Complication of acute pyelonephritis seen with diabetics.
-Ischemia + necrosis at renal pyramid tip
Renal papillary necrosis
- Scarring involving pelvis and/or calyces leading to papillary blunting and calyceal deformities
- Dialated tubules contain pink, glassy colloid casts (thyroidization)
Chronic pyelonephritis
Proteinaceous casts in distal tubules and collecting ducts–> Tamm-Horsfall protein
Acute tubular necrosis
Most common cause of acute renal failure
Acute tubular necrosis
Causes of Acute Tubular necrosis
-reduction in blood flow that affects the cortex of the kidney
When?: after MI, cardiac arrect, hypotensive shock
Is Acute tubular necrosis reversible?
yes
Diabetic nephropathy (2 microscopic findings/urinalysis finding)
- basement membrane thickens and becomes more permeable
- Nodules in the glomerular tuft (Kimmelsteil-Wilson dx)
- Proteinuria (massive if >3 gms a day)
Vascular changes (2) in diabetic nephropathy
- Narrowing of lumen (thickening of vessel walls)
2. Ischemia–>papilary necrosis of pyramids, detach and cause ureter obstruction
Location of urinary stones (2)
- renal pelvis
2. Urinary bladder
Hematuria, urinary colic, renal colic, flank pain radiating to the groin
urolithiasis
Most common urinary stone
Calcium stone (calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate)
causes: hyperparathyroidism, diffuse bone disease