Endocrine Pathophysiology Flashcards
What drug is used for prolactinomas to inhibit prolactin secretion
Bromocriptine
Somatotropic adenoma are large, macroadenomas that secrete GH. What does that cause before and after puberty?
prepuberty– gigantism (longitudinal growth)
post puberty –acromegaly (horizontal or thickening bone growth)
What two metabolic disturbances are associated with Acromegaly?
- Hyperglycemia
2. Hypercalcemia
general weakness, cold intolerance, poor appetite, weight loss, and hypotension (women- ammenorrhea) (men- impotence) are signs of what disease?
Panhypopituitarism (Simmonds Disease)
Pituitary hypofunction associated with post-partum necrosis
Sheehans Syndrome
Low TSH with high T3, T4 is associated with what autoimmune condition?
Grave’s Disease
Hyperplastic follicles lined by hyperactive, tall cuboidal cells and lymphoid follicles are histological signs of what?
Grave’s Disease
Nodular goiters are usually hypo, hyper, or euthyroid?
euthyroid
Thyroid tumors appearing as solitary nodules that concentrate radioactive iodine
Thyroid adenomas
Painless, diffuse enlargement of the thyroid with extensive infiltration of lymphocytes and plasma cells.
- High TSH
- Low T3, T4
Hashimotos
Which thyroid carcinoma is the only one that doesn’t originate from the follicular cells, stoma contains Amyloid (derived from calcitonin)?
Can detect these with congo red stain
Medullary Thyroid carcinoma
- Parafollicular C-cells
- produce calcitonin
Hypercortisolism due to adrenal
Cushing’s Syndrome
Hyperaldosteronism (primary-renin independent)
Conn’s Syndrome
- sodium and water retention
- Loss of potassium
Most common hyperfunctioning of the adrenal cortex?
Cushing’s Syndrome (but Cushing’s Disease is more common than this–>more common for there to be a pituitary issue)
Which area of the adrenal cortex is affected with Conn’s syndrome?
Zona glomerulosa
What syndrome is associated with inborn error in steroid metabolism (no 21-hydroxylase deficiency) leading to overproduction of testosterone?
Adrenogenital syndrome
Acute destruction of adrenals with bilateral adrenal hemorrhage called Waterhouse-Freidrechsen’s Syndrome is caused by what?
N. meningititis (gram negative diplococci)
Slow destruction of the adrenals causes by autoimmune process with lymphocytes and plasma cells in the cortex?
Addison’s
Are pheochromocytomas usually bilateral or unilateral?
unilateral
“fish fleshy” tan-yellow, well deined lesions that compress adjacent adrenal tissu.
Clinical: abrupt hypertension
Labs: 24 hour urine for Vanillylmandelic acid and metanephrines
Pheochromocytoma
