Female Reproductive Flashcards
Most common cause of PID?
Neisseria gonorrhea
Condyloma accuminatum
HPV
MC venereal disease
HPV
Most common causes of bartholin cysts (3)
- Staph
- Chlamydia
- Anaerobes
Abnormal growth of vulvar skin with white plaques (hyperkatosis), atrophy/thinning of the skin due to low estrogen*
Lichen Sclerosis
Slow growing, wart-like slightly raised mucosal lesion, squamous cell carcinoma. Preneoplastic lesions (Bowen’s disease and leeukoplakia) that lead to invasive cancer
Carcinoma of the vulva
Which cancer is rare tumor of the vagina in young women caused by exposure to diethyl-stilbesterol (DES)
Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma
Rare vaginal tumor in children from connective tissue, striated muscle. Polypoiid masses extending from the introitus of vagina
Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (Sarcoma Botyoides)
Metaplasia of the squamocolumnar junction
Mucinous columnar to stratified squamous epithelium
Cause of cervix inflammation
Staph, strept most commonly
Which carcinoma of the female reproductive tract is characterized by intense cell proliferation, undifferentiated and is associated with HPV 16, 18
Cervical cancer
Which HPVs are most associated with cancer?
16, 18
Which HPVs are associated with benign lesions?
6, 11
Name the 2 important macroscopic cervical cancer findings?
- Mosaic pattern
- Tortuosity of vessels
-smooth shiny crater-like ulceration
What is the most common cause of death for someone with stage 4 cervical cancer?
progressive renal failure due to obstruction
Clinical features of cervical cancer? (2)
- vaginal bleeding after intercourse
2. Vaginal discharge becomes increasingly purulent and foul-smelling
What are chocolate cysts and what are they associated with?
Endometriosis, large cystic lesions filled with brown-red viscous fluid from decomposed blood
What is the most common uterine tumor?
Leiomyomas (“fibroid”)
What population is at higher risk for fibroids?
blacks
Which fibroid (leiomyoma) is most commonly associated with infertility?
Submucosa - interfere with egg implantation
Where is the most common location for endometrial polyps?
Fundus
What disease shows hypersensitive growth to estrogen and unresponsive to progesterone?
endometrial polyps
Most common malignant tumor of female genital tract?
Endometrial Adenocarcinoma
- epithelial cells lining endometrial glands
- friable, prone to bleeding
Thick, tough, pearly white capsule of ovary
- Amenorrhea
- Hirsutism
- Obesity
- Continous abnormal stimulation of ovary by FSH and LH–>produce androgens
Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome
2nd most common GYN cancer
1st most deaths of GYN cancer
Ovarian
Most common ovarian cancer
tumors of surface (germinal) epithelium
-of which, Serous are the most common
Name the 2 types of surface epithelium ovarian neoplasms
- Serous
2. Mucinous
Mucinous ovarian tumor
filled with thick, yellowish-clear jelly-like materrial
- *Pseudomyxoma peritonei
- mimic endocervical epithelium
Which ovarian tumor is solid and made of dense fibrous stroma from transitional epithelium
Brenner
What is the most common ovarian tumor in young women?
Benign cystic teratoma
-hary skin, teeth, bone, cartilage, sweat glands
What is the counterpart to the male seminoma
Dysgerminoma
- Counterpart to the Yolk sac tumor in male testes
- Rich in alpha feto protein (AFP)
Endodermal sinus tumor
Which germ cell tumor is rare, aggressive, highly lethal and releases hCG?
Choricarcinoma
Name the 4 Germ cell tumors
- Benign cystic teratoma
- Dysgerminoma
- Endodermal Sinus tumor
- Choricarcinoma
Name the 4 epithelial ovarian tumors
- Serous
- Mucinous
- Endometroid (solid)
- Brenner (solid)
What is the most common predisposing factor for ectopic pregnancy
chronic salpingitis
Most common location of ectopic pregnancy
fallopian tube
What is absence of chorionic villi associated with?
ectopic pregnancy
- Snowstorm pattern and no fetal heartbeat (Ultrasound)
- High serum and urine levels of hCG
- Placenta grape-like fluid filled clear vesicles
Hydatidiform mole
What’s the most common type of mole?
Complete mole
What is associated with two sets of paternal chromosomes, no maternal chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes (androgenesis)
Complete mole
What trophoblastic disease (proliferative disease) is associated with 69 chromosomes (one from mom, 2 from dad?
-Parts of embryo are found
Incomplete mole
Which trophoblastic disease is highly malignant, highly invasive (invades veins and goes to liver, lung and brain) and will secrete hCG?
Choriocarcinoma
Treatment for choriocarcinoma?
Methotrexate (chemotherapy)
