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Pathology > Female Reproductive > Flashcards

Female Reproductive Flashcards

1
Q

Most common cause of PID?

A

Neisseria gonorrhea

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2
Q

Condyloma accuminatum

A

HPV

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3
Q

MC venereal disease

A

HPV

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4
Q

Most common causes of bartholin cysts (3)

A
  1. Staph
  2. Chlamydia
  3. Anaerobes
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5
Q

Abnormal growth of vulvar skin with white plaques (hyperkatosis), atrophy/thinning of the skin due to low estrogen*

A

Lichen Sclerosis

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6
Q

Slow growing, wart-like slightly raised mucosal lesion, squamous cell carcinoma. Preneoplastic lesions (Bowen’s disease and leeukoplakia) that lead to invasive cancer

A

Carcinoma of the vulva

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7
Q

Which cancer is rare tumor of the vagina in young women caused by exposure to diethyl-stilbesterol (DES)

A

Clear Cell Adenocarcinoma

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8
Q

Rare vaginal tumor in children from connective tissue, striated muscle. Polypoiid masses extending from the introitus of vagina

A

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma (Sarcoma Botyoides)

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9
Q

Metaplasia of the squamocolumnar junction

A

Mucinous columnar to stratified squamous epithelium

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10
Q

Cause of cervix inflammation

A

Staph, strept most commonly

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11
Q

Which carcinoma of the female reproductive tract is characterized by intense cell proliferation, undifferentiated and is associated with HPV 16, 18

A

Cervical cancer

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12
Q

Which HPVs are most associated with cancer?

A

16, 18

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13
Q

Which HPVs are associated with benign lesions?

A

6, 11

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14
Q

Name the 2 important macroscopic cervical cancer findings?

A
  1. Mosaic pattern
  2. Tortuosity of vessels

-smooth shiny crater-like ulceration

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15
Q

What is the most common cause of death for someone with stage 4 cervical cancer?

A

progressive renal failure due to obstruction

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16
Q

Clinical features of cervical cancer? (2)

A
  1. vaginal bleeding after intercourse

2. Vaginal discharge becomes increasingly purulent and foul-smelling

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17
Q

What are chocolate cysts and what are they associated with?

A

Endometriosis, large cystic lesions filled with brown-red viscous fluid from decomposed blood

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18
Q

What is the most common uterine tumor?

A

Leiomyomas (“fibroid”)

19
Q

What population is at higher risk for fibroids?

A

blacks

20
Q

Which fibroid (leiomyoma) is most commonly associated with infertility?

A

Submucosa - interfere with egg implantation

21
Q

Where is the most common location for endometrial polyps?

A

Fundus

22
Q

What disease shows hypersensitive growth to estrogen and unresponsive to progesterone?

A

endometrial polyps

23
Q

Most common malignant tumor of female genital tract?

A

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

  • epithelial cells lining endometrial glands
  • friable, prone to bleeding
24
Q

Thick, tough, pearly white capsule of ovary

  • Amenorrhea
  • Hirsutism
  • Obesity
  • Continous abnormal stimulation of ovary by FSH and LH–>produce androgens
A

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome

25
Q

2nd most common GYN cancer

1st most deaths of GYN cancer

A

Ovarian

26
Q

Most common ovarian cancer

A

tumors of surface (germinal) epithelium

-of which, Serous are the most common

27
Q

Name the 2 types of surface epithelium ovarian neoplasms

A
  1. Serous

2. Mucinous

28
Q

Mucinous ovarian tumor

A

filled with thick, yellowish-clear jelly-like materrial

  • *Pseudomyxoma peritonei
  • mimic endocervical epithelium
29
Q

Which ovarian tumor is solid and made of dense fibrous stroma from transitional epithelium

A

Brenner

30
Q

What is the most common ovarian tumor in young women?

A

Benign cystic teratoma

-hary skin, teeth, bone, cartilage, sweat glands

31
Q

What is the counterpart to the male seminoma

A

Dysgerminoma

32
Q
  • Counterpart to the Yolk sac tumor in male testes

- Rich in alpha feto protein (AFP)

A

Endodermal sinus tumor

33
Q

Which germ cell tumor is rare, aggressive, highly lethal and releases hCG?

A

Choricarcinoma

34
Q

Name the 4 Germ cell tumors

A
  1. Benign cystic teratoma
  2. Dysgerminoma
  3. Endodermal Sinus tumor
  4. Choricarcinoma
35
Q

Name the 4 epithelial ovarian tumors

A
  1. Serous
  2. Mucinous
  3. Endometroid (solid)
  4. Brenner (solid)
36
Q

What is the most common predisposing factor for ectopic pregnancy

A

chronic salpingitis

37
Q

Most common location of ectopic pregnancy

A

fallopian tube

38
Q

What is absence of chorionic villi associated with?

A

ectopic pregnancy

39
Q
  • Snowstorm pattern and no fetal heartbeat (Ultrasound)
  • High serum and urine levels of hCG
  • Placenta grape-like fluid filled clear vesicles
A

Hydatidiform mole

40
Q

What’s the most common type of mole?

A

Complete mole

41
Q

What is associated with two sets of paternal chromosomes, no maternal chromosomes for a total of 46 chromosomes (androgenesis)

A

Complete mole

42
Q

What trophoblastic disease (proliferative disease) is associated with 69 chromosomes (one from mom, 2 from dad?
-Parts of embryo are found

A

Incomplete mole

43
Q

Which trophoblastic disease is highly malignant, highly invasive (invades veins and goes to liver, lung and brain) and will secrete hCG?

A

Choriocarcinoma

44
Q

Treatment for choriocarcinoma?

A

Methotrexate (chemotherapy)

Pathology (15 decks)

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