Renal physiology Flashcards
structures of the kidney
cortex
medulla
pyramids
calyces (minor and major)
renal pelvis
lobe
3 types of nephrons
cortical nephrons
midcortical nephrons
juxtamedullary nephrons
renal corpuscle include
glomerulus
bowman capsule
mesangial cells
glomerular filtration membran
inner capillary endothelium
middle basemennt membrane
outer capillary epithelium (contains podocytes, filtration slits)
juxtaglomerular cells release
renin
macula densa sense
sodium
renal tubules include
proximal convulated tubules
Loop of Henle
Distal convoluted tubule
collecting duct
principal cells
intercalated cells
neural regulation of renal blood flow
sympathetic fibres regulate size of afferent and efferent arterioles, thus renal blood lfow
no significant parasympathetic regulation
renalase
hormone regulation of renal blood flow
rein-angiotensin-aldosterone system
natriuretic peptide : urodilantin
nephron functions
filters plasma
reabsorbs and secretes
forms a filtrate of protein free fluid
regulates the filtrate to maintain fluid volume, electrolytes, and pH
glomerular filtration rate
180L/day
proximal convoluted tubule function
active reabsorption of sodium
Loop fo Henle and distal tubule function
concentration or dilution of urine
countercurrent exchange system
production of uromodulin
glomerulotubular balance
adjustment of reabsorption of sodium and water
countercurrent exchange system
Contributes to production of concentrated urine
Fluid flows in opposite direction through parallel tubes
Fluid moves up and down the parallel limbs of the loop of Henle
The longer the loop, the greater the concentration gradient
