GI cancers Flashcards
Head and Neck Cancers risk factors
Alcohol and Tobacco
* HPV (especially HPV 16)
* Paan (also known as betel quid). More common among those of SE Asian heritage
*Occupationalexposuresuchaswooddust,formaldehyde,asbestos
* Radiation,
* EpsteinBarrvirus,
* Ancestry (Chinese)
* Genetics
s+s of head and neck CA
White or red patch on oral cavity Trouble swallowing
Pain in ears, trouble hearing, tinnitus
Trouble breathing or speaking
Sinus congestion, bleeding nose, chronic infections Pain in teeth
Numbness or pain in chin or neck
Esophagus is considered separately
two types of esophageal CA
squamous cell carcinoma (more common in upper portion)
adenocarcinoma (more common in lower portion)
S+S of esophageal CA
weight loss
* painful swallowing
* pain in the throat, chest (behind the breast bone) or back
* fatigue
* loss of appetite
* bringing up undigested food
* hoarseness
* cough
* nausea or vomiting
* hiccups
gallbladder CA
usually caused by metastasis
Chronic inflammation may trigger dysplasia and progress to metaplasia
Early stages usually asymptomatic
* Usually caught in late stages
liver CA
Usually caused by metastatic spread
from a primary site elsewhere in the body * Hepato cellular carcinoma
* Usually asymptomatic
* Cholangiocellular carcinoma
* Rare
* Commonlypresentsinsidiouslyas pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, and gradual onset of jaundice
Cholangiocellular carcinoma
- Rare
- Commonly presents insidiously as pain, loss of appetite, weight loss, and gradual onset of jaundice
Pancreatic CA
Ductaladenocarcinomas
* Pancreatictumoursfrom metaplastic exocrine cells in the ducts
* Chronicpancreatitisand inflammatory cytokines support tumour growth
* Whensymptomsoccur,there usually has been a malignant transformation
stomach CA
Associated with atrophic gastritis and H. pylori
*Sporadic and associated with consumption of heavily salted and preserved foods, low intake of fruits and vegetables, and use of tobacco and alcohol
*Vague symptoms early such as loss of appetite, malaise, and indigestion
*Later symptoms of unexplained weight loss, upper abdominal pain, vomiting, change in bowel habits, and anemia
is the most common type of gastrointestinal cancer
colorectal CA
common presenations of colorectal CA
Iron-deficiency anemia
* Rectal bleeding
* Abdominal pain
* Change in bowel habits
* Intestinal obstruction or perforation
colorectal ca is associated with __ viral infection
HPV
colorectal CA screening
FIT
colonoscopy
treatment of colorectal CA
surgery
radiation
chemotherapy
immunotherapy
