renal pathology Flashcards
accumulation of urine’s metabolic waste in blood
Decrease K and H result in hyperkalemia and acidosis
Low Ca+ in blood
anemia due to low decrease erythropoetin
Uremia
less than 50ml/kg of urine /24 hours (zero urine)
less than 10ml/kg /24 hours
large amounts of diluted urine
anuria
oliguria
polyuria
Oliguric->diuretic (dehydrate)->recovery 6 months
reversible if remove: med, hypotension,shock,burn, transfusion tumor
acute renal failure
Permanent gradual loss of kidney function
renal insufficient 25%of normal
Syndrome: inflammation of glomerulus, immune reaction, hematuria, proteinuria, NA retention, oliguria
chronic renal failure
loss protein, decrease immunoglobulin,
hyperlipidemia, H20 and NA retention, edema
arteriosclerosis, thrombosis formation
Nephrotic Syndrome
Renal stones- urine has high mineral causes stones
urolithiasis: stone in bladder or urinary tract
nephrolithiasis: stone in kidney
Cause: low calcium
Renal calculi
Renal Calculi risk factor
calcium, struvite, uric acid, cystine
Renal Calculi stat
Men 2.5x Risk, Rate 15%
7/1000 admission
age- 20;50
most pass without intervention
Renal calculi complication
pain, obstruction, infetion
neurogenic obstruction after bladder, urine has problem leaving bladder: Prostate enlargement
any obstruction can lead to hydronephrosis-
Lower urinary Tract Obstruction
Fluid cyst grow in/on kidney
compresses kidney
Symptom: UTI, flank pain, hematuria, hypertension
Support: transplant, dialysis
Polycystic Kidney Disease
Hematuria from renal contusion from fall
renal trauma
85% malignancy
Classic triad: painless hematuria, flank mass, change in urinary function
risk: men smoker, >55, exposure to cadmium
renal cancer
men smoker over 60
5th most common malignancy
painless hematuria
bladder cancer
