Eyes and Ears

Question 1

impairment of passage of sound to inner ear

Answer 1

conductive hearing loss

Question 2

Obstruction-cerumen, foreign body
mass loading- tumor/middle ear infection
stiffness- limit movement
discontinuity- ossicular disruption

sx; soft speaking, diminished hearing

Answer 2

4 mechanisms of impairment

Question 3

loss of hearing in inner ear, auditory nerve , or brain

sx; trauma, noise exposure

Answer 3

sensorineural hearing loss

Question 4

inflammation of middle ear, poor function of of eustachian tube

most common child, winter

Answer 4

otitis media

Question 5

contamination or moist environtment, overgrowth of normal flora, inflammation of auditory canal

swimmers ear and fungal infection

Answer 5

external otitis

Question 6

abnormal ringing

meds, ear disease

Answer 6

tinnitus

Question 7

room spinning,

ear disease, inflammation

Answer 7

vertigo

Question 8

near sightedness, eye elongated and image focus infront of retina

Answer 8

myopia

Question 9

farsightedness, eye shorter than normal and image focus behind retina

Answer 9

hyperopia

Question 10

loss of accomodative capacity , inability to see nearby objects clearly

Answer 10

presbyopia

Question 11

irregular curvature of cornea or lens

Answer 11

astigmatism

Question 12

lazy eye or poor vision in one eye

frequent- strabismus, but may not have noticeable eye turn

Answer 12

amblyopia

Question 13

eyes not properly aligned with one another or one eye is turned

Answer 13

strabismus

Question 14

involuntary unilateral or bilateral rhythmic movement of eyes

Answer 14

nystagmus

Question 15

clouding (opacity) of lens 50% americans >65 have

cause: 
age
congenital (downs)
meds
stress/ uv light

sx: increase glare at night, blurred vision, alter color

Answer 15

cataracts

Question 16

retina tear- vitreous flows behind retina and cause traction, area of detachment increases rapidly

cause: spontaneous in >50, secondary to head trauma
tumor, myopia,scarener

Sx; spots, flash when eye moves, blurred vision, curtain down

Answer 16

retinal detachment

Question 17

any retinal disorder from trauma or vascular disease

Answer 17

retinopathy

Question 18

leading cause of new blindness

capillary become diseased cant transport rbc, no c02 tissue hypoxia and ischemia

sx; blurred, distorted, dark vision

Answer 18

diabetic retinopathy

Question 19

painless, elderly vision loss, central

cause: poor blood supply to macula, cellular waste
risk: females smoke, fam history, cholesterol, HTN nutrition

Answer 19

Macular Degeneration

Question 20

damage optic nerve

cause: increase ocular pressure and decrease B flow to optic nerve
types: open and closed angles
risk: elder, AA, diabetics, myopia, fam history

Answer 20

Glaucoma

Question 21

trabecular meshwork and canal of schlemm slows drainage, increase pressure

painless, or persistent dull eye pain

blind, peripheral, central, then irreversible vision loss

chronic/hereditary no cure

treatment; decrease pressure by reducing aqeous humor production

most common in U.S

Answer 21

open-angle glaucoma

Question 22

angle from cornea and iris narrows and prevents aq from draining, inherited

risk: asian and far sighted, small anterior chamber

pupil enlarge too much n quick, dark-> bright room

space completely blocked is called Glaucoma attack(acute)

sx: eye pain, blurry halo, dilated pupil, redness
treatment: decrease intraocular pressure, laser iridotomy

Answer 22

closed- angle glaucoma

Question 23

inflammation tissue of surface eye, or lining

cause: infection, injury, inflammation, allergic conjunctivities

Answer 23

conjunctivitis- pink eye

Question 24

1 Mil anual eye injury

lead cause of visual impairment

chemical burn; acid/alkalic
UV ray
thermal burn: firework

mechanical trauma: laceration of eyelid and direct eye injury

Answer 24

eye trauma and injury