Eyes and Ears Flashcards
impairment of passage of sound to inner ear
conductive hearing loss
Obstruction-cerumen, foreign body
mass loading- tumor/middle ear infection
stiffness- limit movement
discontinuity- ossicular disruption
sx; soft speaking, diminished hearing
4 mechanisms of impairment
loss of hearing in inner ear, auditory nerve , or brain
sx; trauma, noise exposure
sensorineural hearing loss
inflammation of middle ear, poor function of of eustachian tube
most common child, winter
otitis media
contamination or moist environtment, overgrowth of normal flora, inflammation of auditory canal
swimmers ear and fungal infection
external otitis
abnormal ringing
meds, ear disease
tinnitus
room spinning,
ear disease, inflammation
vertigo
near sightedness, eye elongated and image focus infront of retina
myopia
farsightedness, eye shorter than normal and image focus behind retina
hyperopia
loss of accomodative capacity , inability to see nearby objects clearly
presbyopia
irregular curvature of cornea or lens
astigmatism
lazy eye or poor vision in one eye
frequent- strabismus, but may not have noticeable eye turn
amblyopia
eyes not properly aligned with one another or one eye is turned
strabismus
involuntary unilateral or bilateral rhythmic movement of eyes
nystagmus
clouding (opacity) of lens 50% americans >65 have
cause: age congenital (downs) meds stress/ uv light
sx: increase glare at night, blurred vision, alter color
cataracts
retina tear- vitreous flows behind retina and cause traction, area of detachment increases rapidly
cause: spontaneous in >50, secondary to head trauma
tumor, myopia,scarener
Sx; spots, flash when eye moves, blurred vision, curtain down
retinal detachment
any retinal disorder from trauma or vascular disease
retinopathy
leading cause of new blindness
capillary become diseased cant transport rbc, no c02 tissue hypoxia and ischemia
sx; blurred, distorted, dark vision
diabetic retinopathy
painless, elderly vision loss, central
cause: poor blood supply to macula, cellular waste
risk: females smoke, fam history, cholesterol, HTN nutrition
Macular Degeneration
damage optic nerve
cause: increase ocular pressure and decrease B flow to optic nerve
types: open and closed angles
risk: elder, AA, diabetics, myopia, fam history
Glaucoma
trabecular meshwork and canal of schlemm slows drainage, increase pressure
painless, or persistent dull eye pain
blind, peripheral, central, then irreversible vision loss
chronic/hereditary no cure
treatment; decrease pressure by reducing aqeous humor production
most common in U.S
open-angle glaucoma
angle from cornea and iris narrows and prevents aq from draining, inherited
risk: asian and far sighted, small anterior chamber
pupil enlarge too much n quick, dark-> bright room
space completely blocked is called Glaucoma attack(acute)
sx: eye pain, blurry halo, dilated pupil, redness
treatment: decrease intraocular pressure, laser iridotomy
closed- angle glaucoma
inflammation tissue of surface eye, or lining
cause: infection, injury, inflammation, allergic conjunctivities
conjunctivitis- pink eye
1 Mil anual eye injury
lead cause of visual impairment
chemical burn; acid/alkalic
UV ray
thermal burn: firework
mechanical trauma: laceration of eyelid and direct eye injury
eye trauma and injury
