RENAL PASSMED

Question 1

Mechanism of action of spironolactone

Answer 1

Aldosterone antagonist

Question 2

Diabetic drug which increases risk of toxicity but doesn’t worsen AKI itself

Answer 2

Metformin

Question 3

Renal tubular acidosis causes what metabolic anomaly?

Answer 3

Normal anion gap metabolic acidosis

Question 4

Episodic haematuria + sore throats + normal complement levels = ?

Answer 4

IgA nephropathy

Question 5

Prerenal uraemia (Prerenal acute kidney injury) - what happens to sodium?

Answer 5

Kidneys hold onto sodium to preserve volume
(therefore urine osmolality >500mOsm/kg)

Question 6

Test for diabetes insipidus?

Answer 6

Water deprivation test

Question 7

A patient presents with polyuria and polydipsia. Their blood glucose is normal and the urine osmolality is 220 mOsm/kg = ?

Answer 7

Diabetes insipidus

Question 8

Cardiac resonium is used for…

Answer 8

Removes potassium from the body

Question 9

35-year-old man who has a history of hypertension and subarachnoid haemorrhage presents with recurrent UTIs and episodic haematuria

Answer 9

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease

Question 10

Management of hyperkalaemia: what does dialysis do?

Answer 10

Removes potassium from the body

Question 11

Appearance of urine in acute tubular necrosis

Answer 11

Muddy brown casts

Question 12

A 30-year-old man presents with haemoptysis and renal failure. A renal biopsy shows linear IgG deposits along the basement membrane

Answer 12

Goodpasture’s syndrome

Question 13

What does nebulised salbutamol do in a patient with hyperkalaemia?

Answer 13

Shifts potassium from extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid

Question 14

A 6-year-old boy presents with passing dark urine 10 days after having had a sore throat. On examination he has periorbital oedema

Answer 14

Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis

Question 15

A 15-year-old presents with nephrotic syndrome. Their blood pressure and renal blood tests are normal

Answer 15

Minimal change disease