ENT Flashcards
Most common congenital neck mass in children
Moves on both tongue protrusion + swallowing
Thyroglossal cyst
(An embryological remnant)
Rinne’s = positive
Weber’s localises to one ear
Sensorineural hearing loss
4 nerves affected by vestibular schwannoma
Facial
Cochlear
Superior vestibular
Inferior vestibular
Main symptoms of vestibular schwannoma
Sensorineural hearing loss
Tinnitus
Can also cause facial nerve palsy + occipital headache
Swimmer’s ear
Otitis externa
Persistent foul smelling discharge, headache and otalgia.
Cholesteatoma
(Not to do with cholesterol + not a tumour. It is an abnormal accumulation of skin, squamous epithelium and mastoid air cells.)
White patches on tympanic membrane
PMHx of recurrent otitis media + grommets
Tympanosclerosis
Differences between Meniere’s + BPPV
Menieres = Tinnitus, deafness (+vertigo, also in BPPV)
BPPV = 30 seconds
Menieres = Hours
Most common cause of progressive deafness in young adults
Otosclerosis
(Bone around the base of the stapes becomes thickened and eventually fuses with the bone of the cochlea
Autosomal dominant therefore strongly associated with PFHx)
Treatment for otitis externa
No swimming
Topical antibiotic/steroid drops
Nikolsky’s sign
Rash peels when pressure is applied
(Stevens-Johnson syndrome)
What type of drug is methotrexate?
Anti-folate
(inhibits DNA synthesis therefore inducing immunosuppression)
Exacerbation of eczema
Topical emollient not working. What is the next step in management?
Topical corticosteroid
Chickenpox: When to return to school?
When all lesions have crusted over
Describe Henoch-Schonlein purpura
Vasculitic disorder resulting in a purpuric rash, abdo pain + arthralgia
