Renal Neoplasia + Other Diseases

Question 1

are the most common kidney tumors primary or metastatic

Answer 1

metastatic

Question 2

are primary renal tumors severe

Answer 2

no, most are incidental and found at necropsy

Question 3

what are the most common primary tumors

Answer 3

epithelial (adenomas and carcinomas)

Question 4

renal adenoma

Answer 4

discrete, small, solitary white/tan masses within parenchyma

Question 5

renal carcinoma

Answer 5

larger white/tan mass that invades deep into the parenchyma

often causes paraneoplastic syndromes

Question 6

nephroblastoma

Answer 6

primary renal tumor that forms from the metanephric blastema

congenital
develops in kidney or thoracolumbar spine
triphasic appearance on histology

Question 7

mesenchymal primary renal tumors

Answer 7

undifferentiated sarcomas, fibroma/fibrosarcomas, hemangiosarcomas

Question 8

most common metastatic tumors to the kidney in dogs

Answer 8

hemangiosarcoma, adenocarcinoma, lymphoma

Question 9

most common metastatic tumors to the kidney in cats

Answer 9

lymphoma

Question 10

lymphoma gross lesion

Answer 10

pale yellow/tan color around entire parenchyma; tubules replaced by lymphocytic infiltrate causing compression and atrophy

Question 11

juvenile (breed specific) nephropathy

Answer 11

any non-inflammatory CKD in young animals (<5 yrs)

Question 12

is juvenile (breed specific) nephropathy heritable

Answer 12

yes - inherited among certain breeds

Question 13

juvenile (breed specific) nephropathy lesions

Answer 13

nephritis, fibrosis, dilated tubules, glomerularsclerosis

Question 14

renal dysplasia

Answer 14

disorganized development of renal parenchyma due to abnormal differentiation

differentiation of tissue does not match the age of the animal

Question 15

what histologic criteria must be met to classify as renal dysplasia

Answer 15

1. immature glomeruli and tubules w/ asynchronous differentiation
2. immature mesenchyme
3. persistent metanephric ducts
4. atypical tubular epithelial hyperplasia
5. cartilaginous/osseous metaplasia

Question 16

classifications of renal dysplasia

Answer 16

young animals: renal hypoplasia
older animals: renal atrophy

Question 17

simple renal cystic disease

Answer 17

few cysts that develop in various parts of the nephron

incidental - don’t cause decrease function

common in pigs and calves

Question 18

simple cyst histology

Answer 18

dilated tubule creating a cystic space

Question 19

polycystic kidney disease

Answer 19

large number of cysts that cause a significant decrease in renal functional mass –> leads to chronic renal failure

has a genetic basis
develops progressively

Question 20

polycystic kidney disease histology

Answer 20

substantial dilated tubules causing decreased function

fibrosis in interstitium

Question 21

renal cystadenocarcinoma

Answer 21

multifocal renal neoplasm with resembles PKD

common in GSDs
presents with nodular connective tissue proliferation on skin

Question 22

renal infarcts

Answer 22

wedge shaped regions of dead tissue caused by inadequate perfusion

causes thrombi, emboli, neoplasia invasion, occulsion

Question 23

acute infarct

Answer 23

white; central coagulative necrosis

red/swollen due to hemorrhage

Question 24

chronic infarct

Answer 24

shrunken, fibrotic/scarred