Kidney Anatomy

Question 1

are kidneys paired or single

Answer 1

paired

R: cranial, more attached
L: caudal, less attached

Question 2

are ureters paired or single

Answer 2

paired

Question 3

is the bladder paired or single

Answer 3

single

Question 4

is the urethra paired or single

Answer 4

single

Question 5

ureter function

Answer 5

carries urine from kidneys to bladder

Question 6

bladder function

Answer 6

expands to store urine

Question 7

urethra function

Answer 7

carries urine out of the body

Question 8

kidney function

Answer 8

• filters plasma for water/electrolyte balance
• removes metabolic waste products
• acid/base balance
• formation of active vitamin D3
• red blood cell formation
• removal of foreign chemicals

Question 9

kidney location

Answer 9

retroperitoneal
(dorsal and lateral to the spine)

Question 10

what connects the kidneys to the abdominal wall

Answer 10

subperitoneal connective tissue

Question 11

what side of the kidney is convex/concave

Answer 11

convex: lateral
concave: medial

Question 12

hilum

Answer 12

entry/exit point for vessels, nerves, lymphatics, ureters located on the concave side of the kidney

Question 13

renal sinus

Answer 13

cavity (empty space) occupied by the renal pelvis, calyces, fat, blood vessels, nerves

Question 14

renal calyces

Answer 14

minor and major

funnels that receive filtrate from papillary ducts and fuse to form the ureter for drainage

Question 15

renal pelvis

Answer 15

funnel-like proximal end of the ureter

collects urine from the calyces

Question 16

what makes up the renal parenchyma

Answer 16

renal cortex + medulla

Question 17

nephrons

Answer 17

located across the renal cortex and medulla

filters plasma, reabsorbs solutes/water into the blood, secretes solutes into the filtrate

Question 18

renal cortex

Answer 18

outer segment of the kidney parenchyma

site of glomeruli

Question 19

renal medulla

Answer 19

inner segment of the kidney parenchyma

site of collecting tubules, papilla, start of calyces

Question 20

what are the three connective tissue layers surrounding the kidney

Answer 20

1. renal fascia
2. adipose capsule
3. renal capsule

Question 21

renal fascia

Answer 21

outermost layer; attaches to the abdominal wall

Question 22

adipose capsule

Answer 22

perinephric fat that cushions the kidney

Question 23

renal capsule

Answer 23

dense, irregular connective tissue

fibrous sac surrounding the kidney to protect from trauma and infection

Question 24

renal lobes

Answer 24

medullary pyramid + the cortex above it

each pyramid contains collecting ducts that drain into a single papilla

develop individually; can fuse in some species

NOT externally apparent in most species

Question 25

unilobar

Answer 25

fused cortex, fused medullary pyramids

does NOT have calyces - fused to form renal crest that drains into pelvis

• carnivores

Question 26

multilobar, lobated

Answer 26

lobed cortex, lobed medullary pyramids

externally apparent lobes

• large ruminants

Question 27

multilobar, smooth

Answer 27

fused cortex, lobed medullary pyramids

• pigs, humans

Question 28

how much cardiac output do the kidneys receive

Answer 28

25%

used for filtration - NOT for metabolic demand

Question 29

renal arteries

Answer 29

deliver oxygenated blood to the kidneys to get filtered

Question 30

segmentation of renal artery

Answer 30

1. renal artery
2. segmental artery
3. lobar artery
4. interlobar artery
5. arcuate artery
6. interlobular artery
7. afferent arteriole
   GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES
8. efferent arteriole
   PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES/VASA RECTA
9. interlobular vein
   etc

Question 31

cortical nephrons

Answer 31

mostly located in the cortex

SHORT loop of Henle extends into medulla

Question 32

juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 32

LONG loop of Henle extends deep into medulla

Question 33

renal corpuscle

Answer 33

glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule

Question 34

Bowman’s capsule

Answer 34

surrounds the glomerulus to create Bowman’s space (site for filtrate collection to enter proximal tubules)