Kidney Anatomy Flashcards
are kidneys paired or single
paired
R: cranial, more attached
L: caudal, less attached
are ureters paired or single
paired
is the bladder paired or single
single
is the urethra paired or single
single
ureter function
carries urine from kidneys to bladder
bladder function
expands to store urine
urethra function
carries urine out of the body
kidney function
- filters plasma for water/electrolyte balance
- removes metabolic waste products
- acid/base balance
- formation of active vitamin D3
- red blood cell formation
- removal of foreign chemicals
kidney location
retroperitoneal
(dorsal and lateral to the spine)
what connects the kidneys to the abdominal wall
subperitoneal connective tissue
what side of the kidney is convex/concave
convex: lateral
concave: medial
hilum
entry/exit point for vessels, nerves, lymphatics, ureters located on the concave side of the kidney
renal sinus
cavity (empty space) occupied by the renal pelvis, calyces, fat, blood vessels, nerves
renal calyces
minor and major
funnels that receive filtrate from papillary ducts and fuse to form the ureter for drainage
renal pelvis
funnel-like proximal end of the ureter
collects urine from the calyces
what makes up the renal parenchyma
renal cortex + medulla
nephrons
located across the renal cortex and medulla
filters plasma, reabsorbs solutes/water into the blood, secretes solutes into the filtrate
renal cortex
outer segment of the kidney parenchyma
site of glomeruli
renal medulla
inner segment of the kidney parenchyma
site of collecting tubules, papilla, start of calyces
what are the three connective tissue layers surrounding the kidney
- renal fascia
- adipose capsule
- renal capsule
renal fascia
outermost layer; attaches to the abdominal wall
adipose capsule
perinephric fat that cushions the kidney
renal capsule
dense, irregular connective tissue
fibrous sac surrounding the kidney to protect from trauma and infection
renal lobes
medullary pyramid + the cortex above it
each pyramid contains collecting ducts that drain into a single papilla
develop individually; can fuse in some species
NOT externally apparent in most species
unilobar
fused cortex, fused medullary pyramids
does NOT have calyces - fused to form renal crest that drains into pelvis
- carnivores
multilobar, lobated
lobed cortex, lobed medullary pyramids
externally apparent lobes
- large ruminants
multilobar, smooth
fused cortex, lobed medullary pyramids
- pigs, humans
how much cardiac output do the kidneys receive
25%
used for filtration - NOT for metabolic demand
renal arteries
deliver oxygenated blood to the kidneys to get filtered
segmentation of renal artery
- renal artery
- segmental artery
- lobar artery
- interlobar artery
- arcuate artery
- interlobular artery
- afferent arteriole
GLOMERULAR CAPILLARIES - efferent arteriole
PERITUBULAR CAPILLARIES/VASA RECTA - interlobular vein
etc
cortical nephrons
mostly located in the cortex
SHORT loop of Henle extends into medulla
juxtamedullary nephrons
LONG loop of Henle extends deep into medulla
renal corpuscle
glomerulus + Bowman’s capsule
Bowman’s capsule
surrounds the glomerulus to create Bowman’s space (site for filtrate collection to enter proximal tubules)
