Glomerular Pathology

Question 1

glomerulus cell types

Answer 1

1. endothelial
2. smooth muscle & mesangial
3. epithelial (parietal + visceral)

Question 2

mesangial cells

Answer 2

specialized smooth muscle cells that reside around capillaries
- phagocytic
- contract/relax to regulate flow

Question 3

parietal epithelial cells

Answer 3

creates Bowman’s space for filtration collection

Question 4

visceral epithelial cells

Answer 4

podocytes; specialized cells within Bowman’s space that form foot processes around the capillaries

Question 5

clinical signs of glomerulopathy

Answer 5

proteinuria

may also see hypertension and hyper-coagulability

Question 6

nephrotic syndrome

Answer 6

proteinuria
peripheral edema
hyperlipidemia

Question 7

what types of stains are used to evaluate renal biopsies

Answer 7

H&E, PAS, JMS, MT, congo-red

Question 8

glomerular responses to injury

Answer 8

1. hypercellularity
2. basement membrane thickening
3. hyalinosis
4. sclerosis
5. synechia

Question 9

hypercellularity

Answer 9

• proliferation of mesangial or epithelial cells
• infiltration of leukocytes
• formation of crescents

Question 10

crescents

Answer 10

proliferation of podocytes and accumulation of leukocytes

Question 11

basement membrane thickening

Answer 11

caused by increased synthesis of BM proteins and additional layers of BM matrix

Question 12

hyalinosis

Answer 12

accumulation of plasma proteins within glomerulus

appears as extracellular, amorphous, eosinophilic material

Question 13

sclerosis

Answer 13

deposition of extracellular collagenous matrix

can be mesangial only
can take over capillary lumen

Question 14

synechia

Answer 14

parietal cells (Bowman’s capsule) adhere with visceral cells (podocytes) causing the attachment of the capillary wall to the basement membrane

occurs secondary to damaged podocytes

Question 15

main cause of glomerulopathy in proteinuric dogs

Answer 15

immune complex glomerulonephritis

Question 16

categories of glomerular disease

Answer 16

1. immune complex glomerulonephritis
2. non-immune complex glomerulonephritis

Question 17

types of immune complex glomerulonephritis

Answer 17

1. membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis
2. membranous glomerulonephropathy

Question 18

membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (MPGN)

Answer 18

sub-endothelial immune complex deposits

causes INCREASED glomerulus size and cellularity

causes increased mesangial matrix leading to DM duplication

Question 19

membranous glomerulonephropathy (MGN)

Answer 19

sub-epithelial immune complex deposits

NO increased cellularity
causes holes and spikes in basement membrane

Question 20

non-immune complex glomerulonephritis

Answer 20

1. glomerulosclerosis
2. amyloidosis

Question 21

glomerulosclerosis

Answer 21

increase in extracellular matrix with collapse of capillary lumen

can be primary or secondary
can be segmental or global

Question 22

amyloidosis

Answer 22

protein folding disorder causing protein deposits in glomerulus

often concurrent proteinuria
glomeruli expanded by smudgy, pink material