Lower Urinary Tract Anatomy

Question 1

what blood vessel can be used to locate the adrenal gland

Answer 1

phrenicoabdominal vein/artery

Question 2

what does the phrenicoabdominal vein/artery supply/drain

Answer 2

the body wall and diaphragm

Question 3

where are the adrenal glands located

Answer 3

cranial to the kidneys

Question 4

what blood vessels supply the sub-lumbar/hypaxial muscles

Answer 4

deep circumflex iliac vein/artery

Question 5

where does the peritoneum connect to the kidneys

Answer 5

ventral aspect only

Question 6

where does the retroperitoneal space connect to

Answer 6

mediastinum

Question 7

renal crest

Answer 7

fused pyramids in unilobar kidneys; drains into the renal pelvis

Question 8

renal pelvis

Answer 8

dilation of the ureter that collects urine from papillary ducts

Question 9

renal sinus

Answer 9

holds the renal pelvis and surrounding fat

Question 10

what species have a unilobar kidney

Answer 10

dogs, cats, horses

Question 11

drainage from unilobar kidneys

Answer 11

renal crest –> papillary ducts –> pelvis

NO CALYCES

Question 12

what type of kidneys do pigs have

Answer 12

multilobar, smooth

Question 13

drainage from multilobar, smooth kidneys

Answer 13

minor calyx –> papillary ducts –> renal pelvis

Question 14

what species has external lobes on kidneys

Answer 14

bovine

Question 15

drainage from a multilobar, lobulated kidney

Answer 15

minor calyx –> papillary ducts –> major calyx (2)

Question 16

what is unique about feline kidneys

Answer 16

capsular veins surround renal parenchyma

Question 17

what is unique about horse kidneys

Answer 17

has two elongations of the renal pelvis called terminal recesses

has a very large number of papillary ducts that drain into the pelvis

Question 18

ureteral orifice

Answer 18

openings of the ureters into the bladder

located on dorsal aspect of the bladder at the trigone

Question 19

trigone

Answer 19

area of the caudal-dorsal surface of the bladder that contains the two ureteral orifices and the narrowed neck of the bladder

Question 20

terminal aorta

Answer 20

the end of the aorta that splits into 3 branches

Question 21

umbilical artery

Answer 21

(L and R) one of the three branches of the terminal aorta that supplies the bladder

Question 22

species differences in umbilical artery

Answer 22

50% of dogs - umbilical artery turns into round ligament of the bladder

other 50% of dogs - continues carrying blood and remains as umbilical artery

ruminants - persists as umbilical artery (very large in calves); can branch in some females to supply the uterus

Question 23

where is the prostate located

Answer 23

dorsally at the neck of the bladder

Question 24

genital fold

Answer 24

ligament in males that is located between the ductus deferens on the dorsal aspect of the bladder

Question 25

urethral tubercle

Answer 25

exit of the urethra into the vestibule located cranial to the external genitalia

Question 26

suburethral diverticulum

Answer 26

blind sac located ventrally to the opening of the urethra ONLY in bovine and pigs

Question 27

order of openings in the female vestibule

Answer 27

vagina (dorsal) urethra clitoral fossa (ventral; blind sac)