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VET 409: Renal > Nephron Anatomy > Flashcards

Nephron Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

nephron

A

basic functional unit of the kidney

balances what enters the body with what leaves the body

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2
Q

afferent arterioles

A

carries unfiltered blood to the glomerulus

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3
Q

glomerulus

A

site of plasma filtration

OVERprocesses the blood

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4
Q

Bowman’s capsule

A

cup-like sac surrounding the glomerulus to collect filtrate

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5
Q

layers of Bowman’s capsule

A
  1. parietal
  2. visceral
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6
Q

parietal layer

A

outer cell layer

simple squamous epithelium with tight junctions

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7
Q

visceral layer

A

inner cell layer

leaky epithelial cells (podocytes)

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8
Q

renal tubules

A

site of reabsorption and secretion

proximal convoluted
distal convoluted
collecting tubules

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9
Q

mesangial cells

A

supportive cells that surround the capillaries

maintain shape and filtration flow

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10
Q

efferent artioles

A

carries blood out of glomerulus to peritubular capillaries/vasa recta for further exchange (reabsorption/secretion) with renal tubules

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11
Q

peritubular capillaries

A

site of gas exchange in the CORTEX
- surrounds PCT and DCT
- HIGH blood flow for reabsorption

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12
Q

vasa recta

A

site of gas exchange in the MEDULLA
- surrounds loop of Henle and collecting tubules
- SLOW blood flow to maintain ion gradients and retain water

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13
Q

cortical nephrons

A

located near peripheral edge of cortex
- has SHORT loops of Henle
- LESS concentrated urine due to less water reabsorption

MAJORITY OF NEPHRONS

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14
Q

juxtamedullary nephrons

A

located near corticomedullary border
- has LONG loops of Henle
- MORE concentrated urine due to GREATER water reabsorption

More common in desert/low water availability habitats

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15
Q

steps of urine formation in the nephron

A
  1. glomerular filtration
  2. tubular reabsorption
  3. tubular secretion
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16
Q

glomerular filtration

A
  1. plasma from afferent arterioles enters capillary bed at the glomerulus
  2. water and small solutes/ions exit bloodstream through fenestrated capillary walls and enter Bowman’s space
17
Q

tubular reabsorption

A

filtrate travels through proximal convoluted tubule as water, glucose, amino acids, and some ions get reabsorbed into the peritubular capillaries

18
Q

tubular secretion

A

filtrate travels through the PCT, loop of Henle, DCT, and collecting ducts as some ions/solutes exit peritubular capillaries and enter into the filtrate for excretion

19
Q

glomerulus

A

site of filtration
- fenestrated capillaries: allow small ions/solutes and water to filter out of plasma to form filtrate

20
Q

filtration barriers

A
  1. endothelium - fenestrated capillaries
  2. basement membrane - negatively charged
  3. podocytes - regulate flow through filtration slits
21
Q

proximal convoluted tubule

A

site of reabsorption
- simple cuboidal epithelium w/ BRUSH BORDER
- mitotically active
- reabsorbs majority of filtrate (all glucose and AA get reabsorbed)

22
Q

loop of Henle

A

regulates water and electrolyte balance

descending: water reabsorption
- simple cuboidal ep.

ascending: sodium reabsorption
- simple squamous ep.
- thin limb: inner medulla
- thick limb: outer medulla; simple cuboidal

23
Q

distal convoluted tubule

A

fine-tunes ion and water reabsorption, pH regulation
- contains JGA, macula densa cells, juxtaglomerular cells, extraglomerular cells

24
Q

juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

regulates blood pressure by sensing BP and NaCl levels

located at vascular pole on top of afferent arteriole to sense incoming flow

25
Q

macula densa cells

A

sense NaCl levels

signals for renin secretion in response to low NaCl or high BP

26
Q

juxtaglomerular cells

A

sense BP and secrete renin into afferent arterioles

innervated by sympathetic fibers

27
Q

collecting tubules/ducts

A

regulates ion and water excretion
- receive filtrate from MULTIPLE nephrons
- fine-tunes urine concentration

simple cuboidal or columnar epithelium

tubules: smaller, cortical
ducts: larger, cortical and medullary

28
Q

papillary ducts (ducts of bellini)

A

transport urine into the renal pelvis

collecting ducts join to form papillary ducts –> calyces/crest –> renal pelvis`

29
Q

does renal function depend on innervation

A

NO - only juxtaglomerular cells that rely on sympathetic innervation for BP control

30
Q

what component of ANS innervates kidney

A

sympathetic

VET 409: Renal (21 decks)

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