Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biological and medical sciences 2 > renal medicine > Flashcards

renal medicine Flashcards

1
Q

give some functions of the kidneys

A 
filter blood
control bodys fluid balance 
control electrolyte levels
maintain acid base balance
endocrine function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

low pressure of blood entering the glomerulus via the afferent BV indicates _, this actives _ system?

A

indicates low BP, activating the renin-angiotensin system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which 2 substances should the urine not contain, presence of these indicate renal dysfunction?

A

protein or cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

do those with renal failure pee less or more?

A

less - kidney not functioning well

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

do those with diabetes insidious pee more or less?

A

more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what term is used to describe peeing too much?

A

polyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which term is used to describe pain when peeing?

A

dysuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

which term is used to describe blood in urine?

A

haematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which term is used to describe proteins in urine?

A

proteinuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which term is used to describe the present of waste products which should have been excreted in the blood?

A

uraemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

which 2 tests are used to measure renal function?

A

serum urea and serum creatine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

during renal failure the kidney is not able to function, this results in loss of which functions?

A
  • loss of renal excretory function
  • loss of water and electrolyte balance
  • loss of acid base balance
  • loss of renal endocrine function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

describe the kidneys endocrine function

A
  • produces erythropoietin to allow RBC production
  • Ca metabolism - produces vit D dependant factor for Ca metabolism
  • renin secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

how does renal failure result in no RBC production?

A

kidney doesn’t produce any erythropoetin and so no new RBCs are produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

rapid loss of renal function is known as?

A

acute renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

gradual loss of renal function is known as ?

A

chronic renal failure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

acute renal failure is usually due to?

A

infection or trauma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

how may muscle injury cause acute renal failure?

A

muscle injury causes proteins to be taken to the kidney for filtration, this then swamps the glomerulus meaning kidney can no longer filtrate plasma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

which term is used to describe the process by which muscle injure causes renal failure.

A

rhabdomyolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

name some causes of pre-renal failure

A

hypoperfusion of kidney
shock (BP drop)
renal artery or aortic disease (aneurysm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

name some causes of renal failure due to the kidney

A 
chronic disease
drug damage
trauma 
rhabdomyolysis
renal diabetic disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the most common cause of kidney failure in adults?

A

renal diabetic disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

name some causes of post renal failure?

A

renal outflow obstrcution
can’t pee
kidney stone
bladder tumour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

give some signs/symptoms of acute renal failure?

A 
ankle oedema if ambulatory (walking)
sacral (back) oedema if bed bound
pulmonary oedema and breathlessness
increased jugular venous pressure
increased weight
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
those with acute renal failure can develop hyperkalaemia (high potassium) this may cause ?
cardiac arrest
26
acute renal failure is usually due to what, pre-renal, renal or post-renal cause?
pre-renal
27
chronic renal failure can be primary or secondary, which is more common?
secondary
28
give 2 examples of primary chronic renal failure
glomerulonepritis | polycystic kidney disease
29
name some causes of secondary chronic renal failure?
``` diabetes hypertension drug therapy vasculitis renal artery disease ```
30
inflammation of the glomeruli resulting in not producing renin or angiotensin effectively is known as?
glomerulonephritis
31
a complication of glomerulonephritis, by which you pass too much urine is called?
nephrotic syndrome
32
which type of drug should you avoid in those with kidney disease?
NSAIDs
33
the general name given to a variety of complications that affect arteries and veins of the kidney is?
renal vascular disease
34
which test is used to estimate stage of renal failure?
GFR (glomerular filtration rate)
35
name some signs and symptoms of chronic kidney failure
``` anameia hypertension renal bone disease polyuria nocturia nausea ```
36
waking up to pee is known as?
nocturia
37
name the 2 types of kidney dialysis?
haemodialysis | peritoneal dialysis
38
is renal dialysis an active or passive process?
passive
39
what is the name of dialysis that occurs outside the body?
haemodialysis
40
what is the name of dialysis that takes place in the body?
peritoneal dialysis
41
peritoneal dialysis uses what structure to filter the blood?
lining of abdomen (peritoneum)
42
which type of dialysis allows more patient freedom?
peritoneal dialysis
43
how is erythropoietin replaced in those with renal failure?
EPO injections
44
how is bone mass maintained in those with renal failure?
Vit D supplements
45
what is the optimal treatment for end stage renal disease?
transplantation
46
is a renal transplant a permanent cure?
no - lasts 10-15 years
47
who has priority for renal transplants ?
younger - as you age u lose priority
48
what issues are there with renal transplant?
rejection - acute or chronic immunosuppression - increased infection risk high CV risk - effect of transplantation osteoporosis risk
49
what issues must u consider when treating a patient on dialysis
``` appointment after haemodialysis session lease with physician when prescribing do not use dialysis shunt medicines given must be able to come out via dialysis immune suppression drug interactions ```
50
what may obstruct the urinary tract?
renal stones tumours prostatic hypertrophy
51
are UTIs most common in males or females?
females
52
which microorganism is usually responsible for UTIs?
E coli
53
what term describes bladder inflammation?
cystitis
54
urine should be sterile, therefore detecting any bacteria indicates what ?
UTI
55
what may indicate a UTI?
bacteria in urine white cells in urine blood in urine
56
what must you ensure to do when testing urine for a UTI to avoid contamination?
collect a midstream sample (MSSU)
57
UTIs may lead to what 3 things?
cystitis renal infection prostate infection
58
how may a UTI lead to renal infection?
urine reflux - urine pushed back up towards kidneys
59
name some symptoms of a UTI?
``` dysuria urine frequency cloudy urine (cells and proteins) offensive smelling urine supra-pubic pain ```
60
how are UTIs treated?
increased fluid intake frequent urination occasional antibiotic
61
how is a UTI diagnosed?
MSSU | microscopy, culture
62
what is inflammation of the prostate known as?
prostatitis
63
hyperplasia of the prostate is known as?
benign prostatic hypertrophy
64
what is the main cause of prostate disease?
benign prostatic hypertrophy
65
what treatment is available for benign prostatic hypertrophy?
drugs - a blocking drugs to shrink prostate | surgery - prostatectomy
66
name the 2 types of prostatectomy
TURP - cut off | open transectomy
67
which common cancer are men tested for after the age of 45?
prostatic malignancy
68
what treatment is available for prostate cancer?
surgery - prostatectomy radiotherapy' hormone treatment
69
what are the 2 types of renal calculi and which is radiopaque?
calcium and oxalate (radiopaque) | uric acid
70
how are renal stones treated ?
lithotripsy

biological and medical sciences 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions