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biological and medical sciences 2 > oral biology > Flashcards

oral biology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

all body tissues develop from 3 primary embryonic layers, what are they ?

A

ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm

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2
Q

what does the ectoderm give rise to?

A

epidermis

nerve tissue

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3
Q

what does the mesoderm give rise to?

A

cartilage
muscle
bone

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4
Q

what does the endoderm give rise to?

A

colon
stomach
intestine
lungs

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5
Q

which embryonic tissue is enamel developed from?

A

ectoderm

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6
Q

apart from enamel which embryonic tissue are all other parts of teeth derived from?

A

ectomesenchyme

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7
Q

what do teeth develop from?

A

tooth germs

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8
Q

ectomesenchyme is part of which structure?

A

neural crest

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9
Q

the neural crest forms between which 2 structures ?

A

ectoderm and neural tube

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10
Q

which condition results from failure of ectomesenchymal cells to migrate?

A

mandibular dysostosis

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11
Q

when does the primary epithelial band develop?

A

6 weeks

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12
Q

what does the primary epithelial band differentiate into?

A

dental lamina

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13
Q

at how many weeks does the dental lamina form?

A

7 weeks

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14
Q

the primary epithelial band grows into the jaw and divides into 2 parts, what are these?

A

vestibular lamina and dental lamina

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15
Q

the vestibular lamina breaks down to form?

A

buccal sulculus

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16
Q

in which horseshoe structure do tooth germs develop>

A

dental lamina

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17
Q

the dental lamina thickens into what?

A

bud stage enamel organ

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18
Q

at how many weeks does the bud stage enamel organ form?

A

8-10 weeks

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19
Q

ectomesenchymal condensation appears sound the enamel organ, this is known as what?

A

dental papilla

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20
Q

the enamel organ bud then forms what?

A

cap stage enamel organ

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21
Q

the cap stage enamel organ forms a cap over which structure ?

A

dental papilla

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22
Q

at how many weeks is the cap stage enamel organ formed?

A

11 weeks

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23
Q

the cap stage enamel organ consists of 2 parts, what are these?

A

Internal Enamel Epithelium (IEE)

External Enamel Epithelium (EEE)

24
Q

the IEE and EEE meet where?

A

cervical loop

25
Q

the cap stage enamel organ differentiates into what?

A

bell stage enamel organ

26
Q

at how many weeks the bell stage enamel organ formed?

A

14 weeks

27
Q

the bell stage enamel organ has 4 cell layers, name these from outermost layer too innermost?

A

EEE
stellate reticulum
stratum intermedium
IEE

28
Q

at how many weeks does the extension of the permanent tooth germ appear on the lingual side of the dental lamina?

A

12 weeks

29
Q

at how many weeks is the enamel organ late bell stage established?

A

18 weeks

30
Q

at which stage of tooth development does the apposition of enamel and dentin begin?

A

late bell stage enamel organ (18 weeks)

31
Q

during dentine formation, __ cells adjacent to _ differentiate into odontoblasts?

A

dental papilla cells adjacent to IEE

32
Q

once dentine formation has begun, _ cells differentiate into _, which form enamel?

A

IEE cells differentiate into amelblasts which form enamel

33
Q

briefly describe dentinogensis?

A

dental papilla cells adjacent to IEE differentiate into odontoblast
they deposit dentine matrix (mostly collagen) known as predentin
dentine matrix is then mineralised with hydroxyapatite

34
Q

briefly describe the 2 stages of amelogensis?

A

1) protein matrix deposited - partially mineralised
2) organic part removed and mineralisation is completed
(ameloblasts change form and function several time during ameilogenesis)

35
Q

which conditions is characterised by abnormal enamel formation?

A

amelogenesis imperfecta

36
Q

what is the root shape defined by?

A

apical growth of the cervical loop, now known as henrtwigs epithelial root sheath

37
Q

which structure induces formation of root dentine?

A

henrtwigs epithelial root sheath

38
Q

once root dentine is formed, henrtwigs epithelial root sheath brekas down forming?

A

debris of malassez

39
Q

debris of mallasez may form what?

A

cyst

40
Q

mesenchymal cells contact dentine and differentiate into what?

A

cementoblasts

41
Q

name the 2 types of tertiary dentine?

A

reactionary and reparative

42
Q

which type of dentine involves the recruitment of mesenchymal cells ?

A

reparative

43
Q

which part of the tooth germ forms enamel?

A

enamel organ

44
Q

which type of tissue forms enamel?

A

epithelium

45
Q

what is enamels origin?

A

ectoderm

46
Q

what are the final products of dental papilla?

A

dentine and pulp

47
Q

what type of tissue is dental papilla?

A

ectomesenchyme

48
Q

what are the final products of the dental follicle?

A

cementum, PDL and alveolar bone

49
Q

what type of tissue is dental follicle?

A

ectomesenchyme

50
Q

what is a placode?

A

embryonic structures giving rise to hair follicles, nails, enamel etc

51
Q

give an example of a placode?

A

enamel organ

52
Q

which type of epithelium is on the tongue?

A

strat squamous

53
Q

The outer layer of dentine closest to enamel is called?

A

mantle dentine

54
Q

what do IEE cells become?

A

odontoblasts

55
Q

globules of mineralised dentine formed ahead of mineralisation are known as?

A

calcospherites

56
Q

which are arranged more columnar, odontoblast or ameloblasts?

A

ameloblasts

biological and medical sciences 2 (11 decks)

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