oral functions

Question 1

where does the masseter originate?

Answer 1

zygomatic arch

Question 2

where does the masseter insert?

Answer 2

lateral surface of and angle of the mandible

Question 3

what is the action of the masseter?

Answer 3

elevates mandible

Question 4

which muscle of mastication is tender in patients with clenching habit ?

Answer 4

masseter

Question 5

how do you test the masseter?

Answer 5

place 1 finger intra orally and the other on the cheek

Question 6

where does the temporalis originate?

Answer 6

floor of temporal fossa

Question 7

where does the temporalis insert?

Answer 7

coronoid process of mandible

Question 8

what is the action of the temporalis?

Answer 8

elevates and retracts the mandible

Question 9

which muscle mastication is tender in patients with bruxism?

Answer 9

temporalis

Question 10

how do you test the temporalis?

Answer 10

palpate origin by asking patient to clench teeth

Question 11

what is the origin of the lateral pterygoid?

Answer 11

lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

Question 12

what is the insertion of the lateral pterygoid?

Answer 12

anterior border of condole

intra articular disc

Question 13

what is the function of the lateral pterygoid?

Answer 13

protrude the mandible and depress mandible

Question 14

what is the origin of the medial pterygoid?

Answer 14

deep head - medial surface of lateral pterygoid plate

superficial head- tuberosity of maxilla

Question 15

what is the insertion of the medial pterygid?

Answer 15

medial surface of angle of mandible

Question 16

what is the action of the medial pterygoid?

Answer 16

elevates mandible

assists protrusion

Question 17

which muscle of mastication is affected if the patient can’t open their mouth wide?

Answer 17

medial pterygoid

Question 18

IDB hitting which muscle of mastication causes trismus?

Answer 18

medial pterygoid

Question 19

the TMJ carries out 2 movements, what are these?

Answer 19

rotation (initial opening)

translation (wider opening)

Question 20

greatest bite force is between which teeth?

Answer 20

1st molars

Question 21

name the 4 supra hyoid muscles

Answer 21

digastric
mylohyoid
geniohyoid
stylohyoid

Question 22

of the 4 supra hyoid muscles, all are depressors except which one?

Answer 22

stylohyoid

Question 23

name the 4 strap (infra hyoid) muscles

Answer 23

sternohyoid
sternothyroid
thyrohyoid
omohyoid

Question 24

name the 2 types of tongue muscles

Answer 24

intrinsic and extrinsic

Question 25

which type of tongue muscles cup the tongue?

Answer 25

intrinsic

Question 26

which type of tongue muscles alter tongue postion>?

Answer 26

extrinsic

Question 27

name the 3 intrinsic tongue muscles

Answer 27

longitudinal vertical traverse

Question 28

name the 4 extrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 28

genioglossus hypoglossus palatoglossus styloglossus

Question 29

name the 2 facial muscles

Answer 29

oribicularis oris | buccinator

Question 30

what is the main role of facial muscles?

Answer 30

expression

Question 31

name the 3 branches of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 31

opthalmic maxillary mandibular

Question 32

which sensory nerve innervates lower molars?

Answer 32

mandibular division of trigemnial

Question 33

which sensory nerve supplies chin and lower lip?

Answer 33

mental nerve

Question 34

compare anaesthesia, paraesthesia and dyseasthia

Answer 34

anaesthesia - temporarily losing sensation and awareness paraesthesia - abnormal sensation, typically tingling or prickling dysthaesia - unpleasant sensation felt when touched due to damage to peripheral nerves

Question 35

name the 3 types of neurons

Answer 35

afferent (sensory) interneuron efferent (motor)

Question 36

which 5 cranial nerves are involved in the gag reflex?

Answer 36

``` v - trigeminal ix- glossopharyngeal x - vagus xi- accessory xii - hypoglossal ```

Question 37

name the 12 cranial nerves

Answer 37

``` i olfactory ii optic iii oculomotor iv trochlear v trigeminal vi abducens vii facial viii vestibulochlear ix glossopharyngeal x vagus xi accessory xii hypoglossal ```

Question 38

which cranial nerve is associated with bells palsy

Answer 38

facial

Question 39

list some causes of bells palsy

Answer 39

infiltration of LA into facial nerve infection (herpes) otitis media (middle ear infection) trauma

Question 40

list the 5 branches of the facial nerve

Answer 40

``` temporal zygomatic buccal mandibular cervical ```

Question 41

a full denture results in the loss of which receptor?

Answer 41

periodontal mechanoreceptors

Question 42

what is the function of periodontal mechanoreceptors?

Answer 42

signal info about tooth load to CNS

Question 43

what is the name for the condition when food gets stuck in your oesophagus?

Answer 43

dysphagia

Question 44

which receptors respond to pain?

Answer 44

nociceptors

Question 45

name the 3 components of feeding

Answer 45

ingestion transport mechanical processing

Question 46

describe the ingestion component of feeding

Answer 46

movement of food from external environment into mouth | via biting and/or tools such as cutlery/cup

Question 47

describe the transportation component of feeding

Answer 47

- moving material from front of mouth to level of posterior teeth

Question 48

describe the mechanical processing component of feeding

Answer 48

some solid food must be broken down and mixed with saliva before being swallowed

Question 49

which muscles are involved in food processing?

Answer 49

mandibular muscles suprahyoid muscles tongue muscles lips and cheek

Question 50

what term is used to describe the backwards movement of the tongue when processing food?

Answer 50

squeeze back mechanism

Question 51

the posterior oral seal is produced when swallowing what, solids or liquids?

Answer 51

liquids

Question 52

describe the 3 phases of the chewing cycle

Answer 52

opening phase - jaw depressor muscles active closing phase - jaw elevator muscles active occlusal phase - mandible stationary, teeth occluded

Question 53

which has a narrower chewing cycle, carrot or gum?

Answer 53

carrot

Question 54

name a prosthesis which is supported by bone?

Answer 54

implant

Question 55

name 3 types of bridge

Answer 55

fixed fixed bridge (pontic attached to retainer at each side) cantilever (only 1 retainer) adhesive/resin bonded bridge

Question 56

name the 3 stages of swallowing

Answer 56

buccal (voluntary) pharyngeal (involuntary) oesophageal (involuntary)

Question 57

what is the protective function of swallowing?

Answer 57

prevents injected material entering lower airway as foldaway crossed airway

Question 58

where are liquids swallowed from?

Answer 58

mouth

Question 59

where are solids swallowed from

Answer 59

oro-pharynx

Question 60

erosion of the palatal surface of teeth indicated what?

Answer 60

acid reflux

Question 61

labial erosion of teeth indicates that?

Answer 61

fizzy drinks

Question 62

tooth wear caused by contact between occluding teeth is known as?

Answer 62

attrition

Question 63

bruxism and parafunciton are examples of which type of tooth wear?

Answer 63

attrition

Question 64

tooth wear usually caused by brushing habit is known as?

Answer 64

abrasion

Question 65

wedge shaped notches at the cervical region of teeth due to stress is known as?

Answer 65

abfraction

Question 66

inability to generate speech is known as?

Answer 66

dysphasia

Question 67

pain experiences when swallowing is known as?

Answer 67

odynophagia

Question 68

difficulty speaking due to problems with muscles used in speech is known as?

Answer 68

dysarthria

Question 69

list some oral causes of language and speech defects

Answer 69

``` maloclussion loss of teeth/denture related cleft lip/palate tongue related dry mouth ```

Question 70

the position of the teeth, tongue and lips when playing a wind instrument is known as

Answer 70

embouchure