Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

biological and medical sciences 2 > gi medicine > Flashcards

gi medicine Flashcards

1
Q

name a medication used in the upper GI tract which eliminates formed acid?

A

antacid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

name 2 medications used in the upper GI tract which decreases acid secretion?

A

H2 receptor blockers

proton pump inhibitors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which medication neutralises stomach acid?

A

antacid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

antacids are used for what conditions?

A

heart burn
indigestion
upset stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

give an example of an antacid

A

alka seitzer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

groups of medication which stop stomach acid production are known as?

A

PPIs (proton pump inhibitors)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

which 3 substances trigger acid production from parietal cells?

A

acetylcholine
histamine
gastrin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

PPIs work on which receptors?

A

AcH
gastrin
histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

which medication blocks all acid production in the stomach, PPIs or H2 receptor agonists?

A

PPIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

H2 receptor agonists block which receptor?

A

histamine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

name a H2 receptor agonist?

A

cimetidine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

PPIs end in what?

A

prazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

name a PPI

A

omeprazole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

upper GI diseases include diseases of _, _ & _?

A

oral cavity
osephagus
gastic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the medical term for an ulcer?

A

apthae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

GORD causes a change in epithelium from strat squamous to ?

A

simple columnar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

which medications are most often prescribed to patients with barrets oesophagus?

A

PPI
H2 blocker
antacids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

when part of the stomach moves through the diaphragm, it is known as?

A

hiatus hernia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

name 2 types of hiatus hernia?

A

sliding (95%)

rolling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

which type of hiatus hernia is permanent and which type gives GORD?

A

rolling - permanent

sliding - GORD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

ulcers in the stomach or upper duodenum are characteristic of which disease?

A

peptic ulcer disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

describe a perforated ulcer?

A

when an untreated ulcer burns through the wall of stomach into peritoneum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what is the name given to the type of infection which infects the lower part if the stomach antrum?

A

helicobacter pylori

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

helicobacter pylori is eliminated by triple therapy, what does this consist of?

A

2 antibiotics and 1 PPI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
describe the structure of helicobacter pylori
gram negative | spiral
26
what may cause peptic ulcer disease?
excess acid drugs (NSAID, steroids) reduced protective barrier in stomach
27
what is pernicious anaemia?
vit b12 deficiency
28
name 2 types of inflammatory bowel disease
crohns | ulcerative colitis
29
crohns can occur anywhere in the GI tract, but where does it most commonly occur?
SI and colon
30
ulcerative colitis is long term inflammation of which two areas of the body?
colon and rectum
31
which is continuous, crohns or ulcerative colitis?
UC
32
which is mucosal and which is trans mucosal, ulcerative colitis and crohns
mucosal - UC | trans mucosal - crohns
33
the absence of goblet cells is seen in what, UC or crohns?
UC
34
how many types of UC are there?
4
35
what are the symptoms of UC and crohns?
diarrhoea abdominal pain rectal bleeding
36
how can inflammatory bowel disease be investigated?
``` blood test feacal calprotectin (measure protein in stool) endoscopy leukocyte scan barium swallow bul;et endoscopy ```
37
villous atrophy in the jejunum occurs in which condition?
coeliac
38
name some syptoms of coeliac disease
weight loss abdominal pain/swelling diarrhoea steatorrhea (fatty poo)
39
bowel cancer is known as?
colonic carcinoma
40
growths of the inner surface of the colon are known as?
polyps
41
can polyps become cancerous over time?
yes
42
which type of polyp has the largest cancer risk, in LI or SI?
LI
43
what name is given to viral liver disease?
hepatitis
44
how many lobes does the liver have?
4
45
which structure collects bile from the liver?
gall bladder
46
which structure carries bile from the liver to the gall bladder, it also joins the pancreas?
common bile duct
47
jaundice is caused as a result of excess what in the skin?
bilirubin
48
patients with jaundice are often referred to as?
icteric
49
bilirubin is a normal product of _ metabolism and is found in the blood in low levels
ahem
50
the yellow pigment in jaundice is first apparent where?
eyes
51
where is bilirubin conjugated so it can pass out in urine?
liver
52
why can unconjugated bilirubin not be excreted in urine?
its insoluble when unconjugated
53
jaundice due to factors before liver metabolism is known as?
pre hepatic jaundice
54
what may cause pre hepatic jaundice?
excess quantities of RBC breakdown products - haemolytic anaemia (RBCs broken down quicker) - post transfusion (bad match so new RBCs broken down) - neonatal (mum and baby blood mixes so bad breaks down mums blood)
55
jaundice due to liver failure is known as ?
hepatic jaundice
56
liver failure causes hepatic jaundice, what 2 ways may the liver fail?
cirrhosis | drug induced liver failure
57
jaundice due to obstruction of bile outflow is known as?
post hepatic jaundice or obstructive jaundice
58
how may the bile duct be obstructed?
gall stones | tumour
59
pale stool and dark urine indicates which type of jaundice?
post hepatic
60
dark stool and dark urine indicates which type of jaundice?
pre hepatic
61
pale stool and pale urine indicates which type of jaundice?
hepatic
62
gall stones may cause which type of jaundice?
post hepatic
63
inflammation of the gall bladder is known as?
acute cholecystitis
64
name some symptoms of gall stones?
pain in tip of shoulder right abdominal pain pain when eating fatty foods
65
which imaging technique involves injecting dye into the bile tree?
ERCP
66
how may CF lead to blocked bile duct?
pancreatic secretions v viscous so block
67
what technique uses sonic waves to breakdown gall stones?
lithotripsy
68
brain damage due to jaundice in neonates is known as?
kernicterus
69
why are adults not at risk of brain damage due to excess bilirubin?
brain is segregated from blooding adults
70
neonates with jaundice get what treatment?
phototherapy - blue wavelength light breaks down bilirubin in skin
71
which disease is characterised by recurrent image, fibrosis and regeneration of the liver structure?
cirrhosis
72
what name is given to abdominal swelling?
ascites
73
enlarged veins in the oesophagus due to obstructed blood flow is known as?
oesophageal varices
74
which test is most commonly used to test liver function?
INR
75
name some effects of liver failure
INR over 1 (not on warfarin) fluid retention - ascites portal hypertension jaundice
76
what is the only treatment for liver failure?
transplant
77
what do dentists have to be conscious about in patients with liver failure?
clotting disorders - always take INR before extraction abnormal drug metabolism - reduce does no issues with LA usually as its metabolised in plasma take care with anyifungals and NSAIDs

biological and medical sciences 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions