Renal/GU Flashcards

1
Q

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) a/w abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis

A

Type I (distal) RTA

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2
Q

RTA a/w abn HCO3- and rickets

A

Type II (proximal) RTA

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3
Q

RTA a/w aldosterone defect

A

Type IV (distal) RTA

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4
Q

“Doughy” skin

A

Hypernatremia

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5
Q

Differential of hypervolemic hyponatremia

A

Cirrhosis, CHF, nephritic syndrome

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6
Q

Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs

A

Hypocalcemia

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7
Q

MCC of hypercalcemia

A

Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism

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8
Q

T-wave flattening and U waves

A

Hypokalemia

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9
Q

Peaked T waves and widened QRS

A

Hyperkalemia

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10
Q

First-line tx for moderate hypercalcemia

A

IV hydration and loop diuretics (furosemide)

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11
Q

Type of ARF in a pt with FeNa

A

Prerenal

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12
Q

49 y/o man presents w/ acute-onset flank pain and hematuria

A

Nephrolithiasis

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13
Q

Most common type of nephrolithiasis

A

Calcium oxalate

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14
Q

20 y/o man presents w/ a palpable flank mass and hematuria. U/S shows bilateral enlarged kidneys w/ cysts. Associated brain anomaly?

A

Cerebral berry aneurysms (autosomal dominant PCKD)

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15
Q

Hematuria, htn, and oliguria

A

Nephritic syndrome

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16
Q

Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria, and edema

A

Nephrotic syndrome

17
Q

Most common form of nephrotic syndrome

A

Membranous glomerulonephritis

18
Q

Most common form of glomerulonephritis

A

IgA nephropathy (Berger’s dz)

19
Q

Glomerulonephritis w/ deafness

A

Alport’s syndrome

20
Q

Glomerulonephritis w/ hemoptysis

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis and Goodpasture’s syndrome

21
Q

Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment

A

Glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome

22
Q

Eosinophils in urine sediment

A

Allergic interstitial nephritis

23
Q

Waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen w/ lipiduria)

A

Nephrotic syndrome

24
Q

Drowsiness, asterixis, nausea, and a pericardial friction rub

A

Uremic syndrome seen in pts w/ renal failure

25
Q

55 y/o man is dx w/ prostate ca. Tx options?

A

Wait, surgical resection, radiation, and/or androgen suppression

26
Q

Low urine specific gravity in the presence of high serum osmolality

A

Diabetes insipidus

27
Q

Tx of SIADH

A

Fluid restriction, demeclocycline

28
Q

Hematuria, flank pain, and palpable flank mass

A

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)

29
Q

Testicular cancer a/w B-hCG

A

Choriocarcinoma

30
Q

Most common type of testicular cancer

A

Seminoma, a type of germ cell tumor

31
Q

Most common histology of bladder cancer

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

32
Q

Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia

A

Central pontine myelinolysis

33
Q

Salicylate ingestion causes what type of acid-base disorder?

A

Anion gap acidosis and 1` respiratory alkalosis due to central respiratory stimulation

34
Q

Acid-base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant women

A

Respiratory alkalosis