Renal/GU Flashcards
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) a/w abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis
Type I (distal) RTA
RTA a/w abn HCO3- and rickets
Type II (proximal) RTA
RTA a/w aldosterone defect
Type IV (distal) RTA
“Doughy” skin
Hypernatremia
Differential of hypervolemic hyponatremia
Cirrhosis, CHF, nephritic syndrome
Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs
Hypocalcemia
MCC of hypercalcemia
Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism
T-wave flattening and U waves
Hypokalemia
Peaked T waves and widened QRS
Hyperkalemia
First-line tx for moderate hypercalcemia
IV hydration and loop diuretics (furosemide)
Type of ARF in a pt with FeNa
Prerenal
49 y/o man presents w/ acute-onset flank pain and hematuria
Nephrolithiasis
Most common type of nephrolithiasis
Calcium oxalate
20 y/o man presents w/ a palpable flank mass and hematuria. U/S shows bilateral enlarged kidneys w/ cysts. Associated brain anomaly?
Cerebral berry aneurysms (autosomal dominant PCKD)
Hematuria, htn, and oliguria
Nephritic syndrome
Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria, and edema
Nephrotic syndrome
Most common form of nephrotic syndrome
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Most common form of glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy (Berger’s dz)
Glomerulonephritis w/ deafness
Alport’s syndrome
Glomerulonephritis w/ hemoptysis
Wegener’s granulomatosis and Goodpasture’s syndrome
Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment
Glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome
Eosinophils in urine sediment
Allergic interstitial nephritis
Waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen w/ lipiduria)
Nephrotic syndrome
Drowsiness, asterixis, nausea, and a pericardial friction rub
Uremic syndrome seen in pts w/ renal failure
55 y/o man is dx w/ prostate ca. Tx options?
Wait, surgical resection, radiation, and/or androgen suppression
Low urine specific gravity in the presence of high serum osmolality
Diabetes insipidus
Tx of SIADH
Fluid restriction, demeclocycline
Hematuria, flank pain, and palpable flank mass
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC)
Testicular cancer a/w B-hCG
Choriocarcinoma
Most common type of testicular cancer
Seminoma, a type of germ cell tumor
Most common histology of bladder cancer
Transitional cell carcinoma
Complication of overly rapid correction of hyponatremia
Central pontine myelinolysis
Salicylate ingestion causes what type of acid-base disorder?
Anion gap acidosis and 1` respiratory alkalosis due to central respiratory stimulation
Acid-base disturbance commonly seen in pregnant women
Respiratory alkalosis
