Renal/GU Flashcards
Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) a/w abnormal H+ secretion and nephrolithiasis
Type I (distal) RTA
RTA a/w abn HCO3- and rickets
Type II (proximal) RTA
RTA a/w aldosterone defect
Type IV (distal) RTA
“Doughy” skin
Hypernatremia
Differential of hypervolemic hyponatremia
Cirrhosis, CHF, nephritic syndrome
Chvostek’s and Trousseau’s signs
Hypocalcemia
MCC of hypercalcemia
Malignancy and hyperparathyroidism
T-wave flattening and U waves
Hypokalemia
Peaked T waves and widened QRS
Hyperkalemia
First-line tx for moderate hypercalcemia
IV hydration and loop diuretics (furosemide)
Type of ARF in a pt with FeNa
Prerenal
49 y/o man presents w/ acute-onset flank pain and hematuria
Nephrolithiasis
Most common type of nephrolithiasis
Calcium oxalate
20 y/o man presents w/ a palpable flank mass and hematuria. U/S shows bilateral enlarged kidneys w/ cysts. Associated brain anomaly?
Cerebral berry aneurysms (autosomal dominant PCKD)
Hematuria, htn, and oliguria
Nephritic syndrome
Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, hyperlipiduria, and edema
Nephrotic syndrome
Most common form of nephrotic syndrome
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Most common form of glomerulonephritis
IgA nephropathy (Berger’s dz)
Glomerulonephritis w/ deafness
Alport’s syndrome
Glomerulonephritis w/ hemoptysis
Wegener’s granulomatosis and Goodpasture’s syndrome
Presence of red cell casts in urine sediment
Glomerulonephritis/nephritic syndrome
Eosinophils in urine sediment
Allergic interstitial nephritis
Waxy casts in urine sediment and Maltese crosses (seen w/ lipiduria)
Nephrotic syndrome
Drowsiness, asterixis, nausea, and a pericardial friction rub
Uremic syndrome seen in pts w/ renal failure
