Emergency Medicine Flashcards
Class of drugs that may cause syndrome of muscle rigidity, hyperthermia, autonomic instability, and extrapyramidal sx
Antipsychotics (neuroleptic malignant syndrome)
Side effects of corticosteroids
Acute mania, immunosuppression, thin skin, osteoporosis, easy bruising, myopathies
Treatment for DTs
Benzodiazepines
Tx for acetaminophen overdose
N-acetylcysteine
Tx for opioid overdose
Naloxone
Tx for benzodiazepine overdose
Flumazenil
Tx for neuroleptic malignant syndrome and malignant hyperthermia
Dantrolene
Tx for malignant hypertension
Nitroprusside
Tx of atrial fibrillation
Rate control, rhythm conversion, and anticoagulation
Tx of supraventricular tachycardia
If stable, rate control w/ carotid massage or other vagal stimulation; if unsuccessful, consider adenosine
Causes of drug-induced SLE
INH, penicillamine, hydralazine, procainamide, chlorpromazine, methyldopa, quinidine
Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia w/ neurologic sx
B12 deficiency
Macrocytic, megaloblastic anemia w/o neurologic sx
Folate deficiency
A burn pt presents w/ cherry-red, flushed skin and coma. SaO2 is normal, but carboxyhemoglobin is elevated. Tx?
Treat CO poisoning with 100% O2 or with hyperbaric O2 if poisoning is severe or the pt is pregnant
Blood in the urethral meatus or high-riding prostate
Bladder rupture or urethral injury
Test to r/o urethral injury
Retrograde cystourethrogram
Radiographic evidence of aortic disruption or dissection
Widened meiastinum (>8 cm), loss of aortic knob, pleural cap, tracheal deviation to the right, depression of left main stem bronchus
The most common organism in burn-related infections
Pseudomonas
Method of calculating fluid repletion in burn patients
Parkland formula: 24-hour fluids = 4 x kg x % BSA
Acceptable urine output in a trauma patient
50 cc/hr
Acceptable urine output in a stable patient
30 cc/hr
Signs of neurogenic shock
Hypotension and bradycardia
Signs of increased ICP (Cushing’s triad)
Hypertension, bradycardia, and abnormal respirations
Decreased CO, decreased PCWP, Increased peripheral vascular resistance (PVR)
Hypovolemic shock
Decreased CO, Increased PCWP, Increased PVR
Cardiogenic (or obstructive) shock
Increased CO, Decreased PCWP, Decreased PVR
Septic or anaphylactic shock
Tx of septic shock
Fluids and abx
Tx of cardiogenic shock
Identify cause; pressors (eg, dopamine)
Tx of hypovolemic shock
Identify cause; fluid and blood repletion
Tx of anaphylactic shock
Diphenhydramine or epinephrine 1:1000
Supportive tx for ARDS
Continuous positive airway pressure
Signs of air embolism
A patient w/ chest trauma who was previously stable suddenly dies
Absent breath sounds, dullness to percussion, shock, flat neck veins
Massive hemothorax
Absent breath sounds, tracheal deviation, shock, distended neck veins
Tension pneumothorax
Tx for blunt or penetrating abdominal trauma in hemodynamically unstable pts
Immediate exploratory laparotomy
Increased ICP in alcoholics or the elderly following head trauma. Can be acute or chronic; crescent shape on CT
Subdural hematoma
Head trauma w/ immediate loss of consciousness followed by a lucid interval and then rapid deterioration. Convex shape on CT
Epidural hematoma
