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Step 2 Rapid Review > Infectious Disease > Flashcards

Infectious Disease Flashcards

1
Q

3 MCC of fever of unknown origin (FUO)

A

Infection, cancer, and autoimmune dz

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2
Q

4 signs and sx of streptococcal pharyngitis

A

Fever, pharyngeal erythema, tonsillar exudate, lack of cough

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3
Q

Nonsuppurative complication of strep infection that is not altered by treatment of 1` infection

A

Postinfectious glomerulonephritis

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4
Q

Most common predisposing factor for acute sinusitis

A

Viral URI

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5
Q

Asplenic pts are particularly susceptible to these organisms.

A

Encapsulated organisms - pneumococcus, meningococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella

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6
Q

Number of bacteria needed on a clean-catch specimen to dx a UTI

A

10^5 bacteria/mL

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7
Q

Which healthy population is susceptible to UTIs?

A

Pregnant women. Tx this group aggressively b/c of potential complications.

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8
Q

Pt from California or Arizona presents w/ fever, malaise, cough, and night sweats. Dx? Tx?

A

Coccidioidomycosis; amphotericin B

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9
Q

Nonpainful chancre

A

1` syphillis

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10
Q

A “blueberry muffin” is characteristic of what congenital infection?

A

Rubella

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11
Q

Meningitis in neonates. Causes? Tx?

A

Group B strep (GBS), E. coli, Listeria. Tx w/ gentamicin and ampicillin

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12
Q

Meningitis in infants. Causes? Tx?

A

Pneumococcus, meningococcus, H influenzae. Tx w/ cefotaxime and vancomycin

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13
Q

What should always be done prior to LP?

A

Check for increased ICP; look for papilledema

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14
Q

CSF findings: Low glucose, PMN predominance

A

Bacterial meningitis

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15
Q

CSF findings: Normal glucose, lymphocytic predominance

A

Aseptic (viral) meningitis

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16
Q

CSF findings: Numerous RBCs in serial CSF samples

A

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)

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17
Q

CSF findings: increased gamma globulins

A

MS

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18
Q

Initially presents w/ pruritic papule w/ regional lymphadenopathy; evolves into a black eschar after 7-10 days. Tx?

A

Cutaneous anthrax. Tx w/ penicillin G or ciprofloxacin

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19
Q

Findings in 3` syphillis

A

Tabes dorsalis, general paresis, gummas, Argyll Roberson pupil, aortitis, aortic root aneurysms.

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20
Q

Characteristics of 2` Lyme dz

A

Arthralgias, migratory polyarthropathies, Bell’s palsy, myocarditis

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21
Q

Cold agglutinins

A

Mycoplasma

22
Q

24 y/o man presents w/ soft white plaques on his tongue and the back of his throat. Dx? Workup? Tx?

A

Candidal thrush. Workup should include an HIV test. Tx w/ nystatin oral suspension.

23
Q

At what CD4 count should Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophylaxis by initiated in an HIV-(+) pt?

A

= 200 for P jiroveci w/ TMP-SMX

24
Q

At what CD4 count should Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare (MAI) pneumonia prophylaxis by initiated in an HIV-(+) pt?

A

= 50-100 for MAI w/ clarithromycin/azithromycin

25
Q

Risk factors for pyelonephritis

A

Pregnancy, vesicoureteral reflux, anatomic anomalies, indwelling catheters, kidney stones

26
Q

Neutropenic nadir postchemotherapy

27
Q

Erythema migrans

A

Lesion of 1` Lyme dz

28
Q

Classic physical findings for endocarditis

A

Fever, heart murmur, Osler’s nodes, splinter hemorrhages, Janeway lesions, Roth’s spots

29
Q

Aplastic crisis in sickles cell dz

A

Parvovirus B19

30
Q

Ring-enhancing brain lesion on CT w/ seizures

A

Taenia solium (cysticercosis)

31
Q

Name the organism: Branching rods in oral infection

A

Actinomyces israelli

32
Q

Name the organism: Weakly gram-(+), partially acid-fast in lung infection

A

Nocardia asteroides

33
Q

Name the organism: Painful chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

34
Q

Name the organism: Dog or cat bite

A

Pasteurella multocida (px tx w/ augmentin)

35
Q

Name the organism: Gardener

A

Sporothrix schenckii

36
Q

Name the organism: Raw pork and skeletal muscle cysts

A

Trichinella spiralis

37
Q

Name the organism: Sheepherders w/ liver cysts

A

Echinococcus granulosus

38
Q

Name the organism: Perianal itching

A

Enterobius vermicularis

39
Q

Name the organism: Pregnant women w/ pets

A

Toxoplasma gondii

40
Q

Name the organism: Meningitis in adults

A

Neisseria meningitidis

41
Q

Name the organism: Meningitis in elderly

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

42
Q

Name the organism: Meningoencephalitis in AIDS pts

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

43
Q

Name the organism: Alcoholic w/ pneumonia

A

Klebsiella

44
Q

Name the organism: “Currant jelly” sputum

A

Klebsiella

45
Q

Name the organism: Malignant external otitis

A

Pseudomonas

46
Q

Name the organism: Infection in burn victims

A

Pseudomonas

47
Q

Name the organism: Osteomyelitis from a foot wound puncture

A

Pseudomonas

48
Q

Name the organism: Osteomyelitis in a sickle cell pt

A

Salmonella

49
Q

55 y/o man who is a smoker and a heavy drinker presents w/ a new cough and flulike sx. Gram stain shows no organisms; silver stain of sputum shows gram-(-) rods. What is the dx?

A

Legionella pneumonia

50
Q

Middle-aged man presents w/ acute-onset monoarticuar joint pain and bilateral Bell’s palsy. What is the likely dx, and how did he get it? Tx?

A

Lyme dz, Ixodes tick, doxycycline

51
Q

Pt develops endocarditis 3 weeks after receiving a prosthetic heart valve. What organism is suspected?

A

S aureus or Staph epi

52
Q

A pt develops endocarditis in a dative valve after having a dental cleaning

A

Strep viridans

Step 2 Rapid Review (17 decks)

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