Neurology Flashcards

1
Q

Unilateral, severe periorbital HA w/ tearing and conjunctival erythema

A

Cluster HA

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2
Q

Prophylactic tx for migraine

A

Antihypertensives, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, dietary changes

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3
Q

Most common pituitary tumor. Tx?

A

Prolactinoma. Dopamine agonists (eg, bromocriptine)

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4
Q

55 y/o pt presents w/ acute “broken speech”. What type of aphasia? What lobe and vascular distribution?

A

Broca’s aphasia. Frontal lobe, left MCA distribution

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5
Q

MCC of SAH

A

Trauma, 2nd MCC is berry aneurysm

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6
Q

Crescent-shaped hyperdensity on CT that does not cross the midline

A

Subdural hematoma - bridging veins torn

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7
Q

Hx significant for initial AMS w/ an intervening lucid interval. Dx? Most likely source? Tx?

A

Epidural hematoma. Middle meningeal artery. Neurosurgical evacuation.

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8
Q

CSF findings w/ SAH

A

Elevated ICP, RBCs, xanthochromia

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9
Q

Albuminocytologic dissociation

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome (increased protein in CSF w/o significant increase in cell count)

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10
Q

Cold water is flushed into a pt’s ear, and the fast phase of the nystagmus is toward the opposite side. Normal or pathologic?

A

Normal

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11
Q

Most common 1` sources of metastases to the brain

A

Lung (80%) > Breast > Unknown > Skin (melanoma) > Kidney > GI tract

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12
Q

May be seen in children who are accused of inattention in class and confused w/ ADHD

A

Absence seizures

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13
Q

Most frequent presentation of intracranial neoplasm

A

HA. 1` neoplasms are much less common than brain mets.

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14
Q

MCC seizures in children (2-10 y/o)

A

Infection > febrile seizures > trauma > idiopathic

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15
Q

MCC seizures in young adults (18-35 y/o)

A

Trauma > alcohol withdrawal > brain tumor

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16
Q

First-line med for status epilepticus

A

IV Benzodiazepine

17
Q

Confusion, confabulation, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia

A

Wernicke’s encephalopathy due to thiamine deficiency

18
Q

What % lesion is an indication for carotid endarterectomy?

A

60% if the stenosis is sx

19
Q

MCC dementia

A

Alzheimer’s and multi-infarct

20
Q

A combined UMN and LMN disorder

A

ALS

21
Q

Rigidity and stiffness w/ unilateral resting tremor and masked facies

A

Parkinson’s dz

22
Q

Mainstay of Parkinson’s therapy

A

Levodopa/carbidopa

23
Q

Tx for Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

IVIG or plasmapheresis. Avoid steroids.

24
Q

Rigidity and stiffness that progress to choreiform movements, accompanied by moodiness and altered behavior

A

Huntington’s dz

25
Q

6 y/o girl presents w/ a port-wine stain in the V1 distribution as well as w/ mental retardation, seizures, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma

A

Sturge-Weber syndrome. Tx symptomatically. Possible focal cerebral resection of the affected lobe.

26
Q

Multiple café au lait spots on skin

A

Neurofibromatosis Type 1

27
Q

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, and hyperdocility

A

Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)

28
Q

May be administered to a symptomatic pt to dx myasthenia gravis

A

Edrophonium