Neurology Flashcards
Unilateral, severe periorbital HA w/ tearing and conjunctival erythema
Cluster HA
Prophylactic tx for migraine
Antihypertensives, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, dietary changes
Most common pituitary tumor. Tx?
Prolactinoma. Dopamine agonists (eg, bromocriptine)
55 y/o pt presents w/ acute “broken speech”. What type of aphasia? What lobe and vascular distribution?
Broca’s aphasia. Frontal lobe, left MCA distribution
MCC of SAH
Trauma, 2nd MCC is berry aneurysm
Crescent-shaped hyperdensity on CT that does not cross the midline
Subdural hematoma - bridging veins torn
Hx significant for initial AMS w/ an intervening lucid interval. Dx? Most likely source? Tx?
Epidural hematoma. Middle meningeal artery. Neurosurgical evacuation.
CSF findings w/ SAH
Elevated ICP, RBCs, xanthochromia
Albuminocytologic dissociation
Guillain-Barre syndrome (increased protein in CSF w/o significant increase in cell count)
Cold water is flushed into a pt’s ear, and the fast phase of the nystagmus is toward the opposite side. Normal or pathologic?
Normal
Most common 1` sources of metastases to the brain
Lung (80%) > Breast > Unknown > Skin (melanoma) > Kidney > GI tract
May be seen in children who are accused of inattention in class and confused w/ ADHD
Absence seizures
Most frequent presentation of intracranial neoplasm
HA. 1` neoplasms are much less common than brain mets.
MCC seizures in children (2-10 y/o)
Infection > febrile seizures > trauma > idiopathic
MCC seizures in young adults (18-35 y/o)
Trauma > alcohol withdrawal > brain tumor
First-line med for status epilepticus
IV Benzodiazepine
Confusion, confabulation, ophthalmoplegia, ataxia
Wernicke’s encephalopathy due to thiamine deficiency
What % lesion is an indication for carotid endarterectomy?
60% if the stenosis is sx
MCC dementia
Alzheimer’s and multi-infarct
A combined UMN and LMN disorder
ALS
Rigidity and stiffness w/ unilateral resting tremor and masked facies
Parkinson’s dz
Mainstay of Parkinson’s therapy
Levodopa/carbidopa
Tx for Guillain-Barre syndrome
IVIG or plasmapheresis. Avoid steroids.
Rigidity and stiffness that progress to choreiform movements, accompanied by moodiness and altered behavior
Huntington’s dz
6 y/o girl presents w/ a port-wine stain in the V1 distribution as well as w/ mental retardation, seizures, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma
Sturge-Weber syndrome. Tx symptomatically. Possible focal cerebral resection of the affected lobe.
Multiple café au lait spots on skin
Neurofibromatosis Type 1
Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, and hyperdocility
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (amygdala)
May be administered to a symptomatic pt to dx myasthenia gravis
Edrophonium
