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Step 2 Rapid Review > Hematology/Oncology > Flashcards

Hematology/Oncology Flashcards

1
Q

4 causes of microcytic anemia

A

TICS - Thalessemia, Iron deficiency anemia, anemia of Chronic dz, and Sideroblastic anemia

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2
Q

An elderly man w/ hypochromic, microcytic anemia is asx. Dx tests?

A

Fecal occult blood test and sigmoidoscopy; suspect colorectal CA

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3
Q

Precipitants of hemolytic crisis in pts with G6PD deficiency

A

Sulfonamides, antimalarial drugs, fava beans

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4
Q

Most common inherited cause of hypercoagulability

A

Factor V Leiden mutation

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5
Q

Most common inherited bleeding disorder

A

von Willebrand’s dz

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6
Q

Most common inherited hemolytic anemia

A

Hereditary spherocytosis

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7
Q

Dx test for hereditary spherocytosis

A

Osmotic fragility test

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8
Q

Pure RBC aplasia

A

Diamond-Blackfan anemia

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9
Q

Anemia a/w absent radii and thumbs, diffuse hyperpigmentation, café au lait spots, microcephaly, and pancytopenia

A

Fanconi’s anemia

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10
Q

Medications and viruses that lead to aplastic anemia

A

Chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, radiation, HIV, chemotherapeutic agents, hepatitis, parvovirus B19, EBV

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11
Q

How to distinguish polycythemia vera from 2` polycythemia

A

Both have increased Hct and RBC mass, but polycythemia vera should have normal O2 sat and low epo levels

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12
Q

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) pentad

A

FAT RN: Fever, Anemia, Thrombocytopenia, Renal dysfxn, Neurologic abnormalities

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13
Q

HUS triad?

A

Anemia, thrombocytopenia, and acute renal failure

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14
Q

Tx for TTP

A

Emergent large-volume plasmapheresis, corticosteroids, antiplatelet drugs. Platelet transfusion is contraindicated!

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15
Q

Tx for idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in children

A

Usually resolves spontaneously; may require IVIG and/or corticosteroids

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16
Q

Which of the following are increased in DIC: fibrin split products, D-dimer, fibrinogen, platelets, and hct.

A

Fibrin split products and D-dimer are elevated; platelets, fibrinogen, and hct are decreased

17
Q

An 8 y/o boy presents w/ hemarthrosis and increased PTT w/ normal PT and bleeding time. Dx? Tx?

A

Hemophilia A or B; consider desmopression (for hemophilia A) or factor VIII or IX supplements

18
Q

A 14 y/o girl presents w/ prolonged bleeding after dental surgery and w/ menses, normal PT, normal or increased PTT and increased bleeding time. Dx? Tx?

A

von Willebrand’s dz; tx w/ desmopression (DDAVP), FFP, or cryoprecipitate

19
Q

A 60 y/o African American man presents w/ bone pain. What might a workup for multiple myeloma reveal?

A

Monoclonal gammopathy, Bence Jones proteinuria, and “punched-out” lesions on xray of the skull and long bones

20
Q

Reed-Sternberg cells

A

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

21
Q

A 10 y/o boy presents w/ fever, wt loss, and night sweats. Exam shows an anterior mediastinal mass. Suspected dx?

A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

22
Q

Microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron, decreased TIBC, and normal or increased ferritin

A

Anemia of chronic dz

23
Q

Microcytic anemia with decreased serum iron, decreased ferritin, and increased TIBC

A

Iron deficiency anemia

24
Q

An 80 y/o man presents w/ fatigue, lymphadenopathy, splenomegaly, and isolated lymphocytosis. What is the suspected dx?

A

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)

25
Q

Lymphoma equivalent of CLL

A

Small lymphocytic lymphoma

26
Q

Late, life-threatening complication of CML

A

Blast crisis (fever, bone pain, splenomegaly, pancytopenia)

27
Q

Auer rods on blood smear

A

AML

28
Q

AML subtype a/w DIC. Tx?

A

M3. Retinoic acid.

29
Q

Electrolyte changes in tumor lysis syndrome

A

Decreased Ca2+, increased K+, increased phosphate, increased uric acid

30
Q

50 y/o man presents w/ early satiety, splenomegaly, and bleeding. Cytogenetics show t(9,22). Dx?

A

CML

31
Q

Heinz bodies

A

Intracellular inclusions seen in thalassemia, G6PD deficiency, and postsplenectomy

32
Q

Virus a/w aplastic anemia in pts w/ sickle cell anemia

A

Parvovirus B19

33
Q

25 y/o African American man w/ sickle cell anemia has sudden onset of bone pain. Management of pain crisis?

A

O2, analgesia, hydration, and, if severe, transfusion

34
Q

A significant cause of morbidity in thalassemia pts. Tx?

A

Iron overload; use deferoxamine.

Step 2 Rapid Review (17 decks)

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