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Step 2 Rapid Review > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Classic ECG finding in AFlutter

A

“Sawtooth” P Waves

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2
Q

Define Unstable Angina

A

Angina that is new, is worsening, or occurs at rest

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3
Q

Antihypertensive for diabetic patient with proteinuria

A

ACEI

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4
Q

Beck’s triad for cardiac tamponade

A

Hypotension, distant heart sounds, and JVD

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5
Q

Drugs that slow heart rate

A

B-Blockers, Calcium channel blockers, digoxin, amiodarone

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6
Q

HLD tx that leads to flushing and pruritus

A

Niacin

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7
Q

Murmur- Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy

A

A systolic ejection murmur heard along the lateral sternal border that increased with decreased preload (Valsalva maneuver)

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8
Q

Murmur - Aortic Insufficiency

A

Austin Flint murmur, a diastolic, decrescendo, low-pitched, blowing murmur that is best heard sitting up; increases with increased afterload (handgrip maneuver)

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9
Q

Murmur - Aortic Stenosis

A

A systolic crescendo/decrescendo murmur that radiates to the neck; increased with increased preload (squatting maneuver)

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10
Q

Murmur - Mitral Regurgitation

A

A holosystolic murmur that radiates to the axilla; increased with increased afterload (handgrip maneuever)

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11
Q

Murmur - Mitral Stenosis

A

A diastolic, mid to late, low-pitched murmur preceded by an opening snap

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12
Q

Tx for Afib and Aflutter

A

If unstable, cardiovert. If stable or chronic, rate control with CCbs or B-Blockers

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13
Q

Tx for Vfib

A

Immediate cardioversion

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14
Q

Dressler’s Syndrome

A

An autoimmune rxn with fever, pericarditis, and increased ESR occurring 2-4 weeks post-MI

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15
Q

IV drug use with JVD and holosystolic murmur at the left sternal border. Tx?

A

Tx existing heart failure and replace the tricuspid valve

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16
Q

Dx test for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

A

Echocardiogram (showing a thickened left ventricular wall and outflow obstruction)

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17
Q

Pulsus paradoxus

A

A decreased in systolic BP of >10 mmHg with inspiration; seen in cardiac tamponade.

18
Q

Classic ECG findings in pericarditis

A

Low-voltage, diffuse ST-segment elevation

19
Q

Define HTN

A

BP > 140/90 on 3 separate occasions 2 weeks apart

20
Q

8 surgically correctable causes of HTN

A

Renal artery stenosis, coarctation of the aorta, pheochromocytoma, Conn’s syndrome, Cushing’s syndrome, unilateral renal parenchymal dz, hyperthyroidism, hyperparathyroidism

21
Q

Evaluation of pulsatile abdominal mass and bruit

A

Abdominal U/S and CT

22
Q

Indications for surgical repair of AAA

A

> 5.5 cm, rapidly enlarging, symptomatic, or ruptured

23
Q

Tx for ACS

A

ASA, heparin, clopidogrel, morphine, O2, sublingual nitro, IV B-Blockers

24
Q

Metabolic syndrome

A

Abd obesity, high triglycerides, low HDL. HTN, insulin resistance, prothrombotic or proinflammatory states

25
Q

Appropriate dx test: 50-y/o man w/ stable angina can exercise to 85% of max predicted heart rate

A

Exercise stress treadmill with ECG

26
Q

Appropriate dx test: 65 y/o woman with LBBB, and severe OA has unstable angina

A

Pharmacologic stress test (eg. dobutamine echo)

27
Q

Target LDL in pt w/ diabetes

A
28
Q

Signs active ischemia during stress testing

A

Angina, ST-segment changes on ECG, or decreased BP

29
Q

ECG findings suggesting MI

A

ST-segment elevation (depression means ischemia), flattened T waves, and Q waves

30
Q

Coronary territories inMI

A

Anterior wall (LAD/diagonal), Inferior (PDA), posterior (left circumflex/oblique, RCA/marginal), septum (LAD/diagonal)

31
Q

A young pt w/ angina at rest and ST-segment elevation with normal cardiac enzymes

A

Prinzmetal’s angina

32
Q

Common sx a/w silent MIs

A

CHF, shock, AMS

33
Q

Dx test for PE

A

Spiral CT w/ contrast

34
Q

Protamine

A

Reverse the effects of heparin

35
Q

Prothrombin time

A

Coagulation parameter affected by warfarin

36
Q

A young pt w/ a family hx of sudden death collapses and dies while exercising

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

37
Q

Endocarditis prophylaxis regimens

A

Oral surgery - amoxicillin for certain situations; GI or GU procedures - not recommended

38
Q

Virchow’s triad

A

Stasis, hypercoagulability, endothelial damage

39
Q

MCC of HTN in young women

A

OCPs

40
Q

MCC of HTN in young men

A

Excessive EtOH

41
Q

Figure 3 sign

A

Aortic coarctation

42
Q

Water-bottle-shaped heart

A

Pericardial effusion. Look for pulsus paradoxus

Step 2 Rapid Review (17 decks)

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