Renal Function (Lect 2)

Question 1

Define tubular reabsorbtion

Answer 1

take materials out of urine and back into the blood stream (ex NA/H2O)

Question 2

Define tubular secretion
atsbu

Answer 2

active transport secreted from blood into urine

Question 3

What are the 4 parts of the urinary system and what do they do?

Answer 3

kidneys: urine is formed from filtrate
uteres: carries urine to bladder
bladder: stores urine
urethra: excretion

Question 4

What are the primary functions of the kidney?

Answer 4

removal of waste products (nitrogenous)
Acid base balance
retention of essential nutrients
hormone production
water electrolyte balance
prod. of Vit D

Question 5

What is the functional unit of the kidney? what does it do?

Answer 5

nephron, filters blood and creates urine reabs/excret

Question 6

T/F there is 1-1.5 mil nephrons in each kidney

Answer 6

true

Question 7

What are the two types of nephrons?

Answer 7

Cortical nephron (renal cortex)
(85%)
Juxtamedullary nephrons
long loops of henely
(inc urine concent)

Question 8

Describe the Afferent pathway movement of urine

Answer 8

blood enters, golmerulous (first filter) - bowmans capsule, proximal tubule, henleys loop

Question 9

Describe the Efferent pathway of exit

Answer 9

peritubular is the exit

Question 10

Function of the kidney is controlled by?
b
gf
r/s

Answer 10

renal blood flow
golmerular filtrate
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

Question 11

Briefly describe renal blood flow

Answer 11

renal artery supplies blood to kidney
25% of blood leaving left ventricle of heart enters the kidney
600mil/min renal plasma flow

Question 12

What is similar in both the afferent and efferent pathway? what can they both do?

Answer 12

both change size/hydrostatic pressure

Question 13

Describe the golmerulus
how many lobes
inside of
what kind of filter?
sizes?
permeablility?

Answer 13

8 capillary lobes
inside bowmans capsule
non-slective filter of plasma
less than 70,000 da
VERY PERMEABLE TO WATER

Question 14

Describe the bowmans capsule

Answer 14

beninning of the renal tubular
bowmans space - capsule/golmerulous

Question 15

Describe the tubules

Answer 15

re-absorption in proximal convuluted tubule
final adjustment in distal tubule

Question 16

describe the loop of henley
what isnt in the ascending loop?

Answer 16

the major exchange of H2O/salt
no water reabsorp in acsending loop becuase it is impermeable

Question 17

What are some factors that influence filtration?

Answer 17

cell wall structure
hydrostatic/oncotic pressure
RAAS

Question 18

What are the three layers of the golmerulous
cw
b
v
(p/f)

Answer 18

capillary wall membrane
(fenstrated/permeability)
basement membrane
visceral epithelium
(podocytes,filter slit)

Question 19

Describe what the shield of negativity does to the viceral epithelium layer of the golmerulous

Answer 19

repells anion plasma proteins

Question 20

Describe hydrostatic pressure

Answer 20

pressure exerted by liquid increases filtration

Question 21

Describe Oncotic pressure

Answer 21

pressure exerted by presence of unfiltered plasma…prescense of colloids

Question 22

Describe hydrostatic pressure in more depth
based off?
due to?
fluncuations?
compensates with?

Answer 22

based of BP
due to the small size of efferent
fluncuations of blood pressure - affect hydrostatic pressure
compensate w autoregulatory

Question 23

Describe Juxtagolmerulo function
Low BP?

Answer 23

maintains glomerulous blood pressure at constant rate
low BP =less blood flow = Inc toxic materials
dialates or constricts

Question 24

Describe RAAS
changes in
reg by

Answer 24

changes in BP and plasma sodium, regulated by juxtagolmerulous (afferent/convoluted tubules detect salt)

Question 25

Describe how RAAS would compensate for low sodium less wr lbv dec cells

Answer 25

less water retention low blood vol decreaseBP - signals Jux cells to release renin

Question 26

Describe Angiotensin II

Answer 26

vasoconstriction proximal convoluted tubules Aldosterone/ADH

Question 27

Describe Angiotensin I

Answer 27

lung and kidney

Question 28

Describe Aldosterone

Answer 28

adrenal cortex distal tubules reabsorbtion of salt and water Inc BP/BV

Question 29

Describe ADH h inc inc dp c inc

Answer 29

hypothalamus inc water retention inc distal tubule permeability constrict blood vessles inc BP

Question 30

Final results of RAAS?

Answer 30

NA BP inc decreased prod of renin

Question 31

T/F every minute, 120ml of low MW substances are tfiltered

Answer 31

true

Question 32

How do you differentiate filtrate vs plasma

Answer 32

no plasma protein no protein bound substances no rbc/wbc

Question 33

Describe specific gravity post golmerulous

Answer 33

1.010 ultrafiltrate of plasma

Question 34

T/F you reabsorb majority of water/salt from urine

Answer 34

true

Question 35

Describe active transport proximal tubule? ascending loop distal tube?

Answer 35

carrier protein, electrochemical energy proximal tubule: glucose/amino/salt Ascending loop: Cl- Distal loop: Na+

Question 36

Describe passive transport

Answer 36

concentration gradient/electrical potential gradients

Question 37

T/F passive transport can be influenced by concn of substances being transported

Answer 37

false its active transport

Question 38

Describe Max reabsorption capacity (Tm)

Answer 38

transport max max absorbtion ability for solute in filtrate

Question 39

Describe renal threshold

Answer 39

plasma concent at which active transport stops glucose 160-180 high threshold phosphate low threshold

Question 40

T/F renal threshold and plasma {} are clinically useful

Answer 40

T

Question 41

T/F normal people have glucose in thier urine

Answer 41

false

Question 42

Describe renal concentration starts mech final conc lose

Answer 42

starts at loop of henly osmotic gradients/concorrunt mechanism final concentration ends at distal tubule/collecting duct lose water in decending loop

Question 43

Describe the countercurrent mechanism

Answer 43

pushes reabsorb of Na/H2O back to blood

Question 44

Describe High ADH

Answer 44

incr perm inc reab of H2O dec urine vol/more concentrated inc specific gravity

Question 45

Describe Low ADH

Answer 45

dec perm dec reab inc urine vol/diluted dec spec gravity

Question 46

T/F hydrated has low ADH Dehhydrated has High ADH

Answer 46

true