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Urinalysis Spring > Renal Function (Lect 2) > Flashcards

Renal Function (Lect 2) Flashcards

1
Q

Define tubular reabsorbtion

A

take materials out of urine and back into the blood stream (ex NA/H2O)

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2
Q

Define tubular secretion
atsbu

A

active transport secreted from blood into urine

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3
Q

What are the 4 parts of the urinary system and what do they do?

A

kidneys: urine is formed from filtrate
uteres: carries urine to bladder
bladder: stores urine
urethra: excretion

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4
Q

What are the primary functions of the kidney?

A

removal of waste products (nitrogenous)
Acid base balance
retention of essential nutrients
hormone production
water electrolyte balance
prod. of Vit D

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5
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney? what does it do?

A

nephron, filters blood and creates urine reabs/excret

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6
Q

T/F there is 1-1.5 mil nephrons in each kidney

A

true

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7
Q

What are the two types of nephrons?

A

Cortical nephron (renal cortex)
(85%)
Juxtamedullary nephrons
long loops of henely
(inc urine concent)

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8
Q

Describe the Afferent pathway movement of urine

A

blood enters, golmerulous (first filter) - bowmans capsule, proximal tubule, henleys loop

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9
Q

Describe the Efferent pathway of exit

A

peritubular is the exit

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10
Q

Function of the kidney is controlled by?
b
gf
r/s

A

renal blood flow
golmerular filtrate
tubular reabsorption
tubular secretion

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11
Q

Briefly describe renal blood flow

A

renal artery supplies blood to kidney
25% of blood leaving left ventricle of heart enters the kidney
600mil/min renal plasma flow

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12
Q

What is similar in both the afferent and efferent pathway? what can they both do?

A

both change size/hydrostatic pressure

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13
Q

Describe the golmerulus
how many lobes
inside of
what kind of filter?
sizes?
permeablility?

A

8 capillary lobes
inside bowmans capsule
non-slective filter of plasma
less than 70,000 da
VERY PERMEABLE TO WATER

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14
Q

Describe the bowmans capsule

A

beninning of the renal tubular
bowmans space - capsule/golmerulous

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15
Q

Describe the tubules

A

re-absorption in proximal convuluted tubule
final adjustment in distal tubule

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16
Q

describe the loop of henley
what isnt in the ascending loop?

A

the major exchange of H2O/salt
no water reabsorp in acsending loop becuase it is impermeable

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17
Q

What are some factors that influence filtration?

A

cell wall structure
hydrostatic/oncotic pressure
RAAS

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18
Q

What are the three layers of the golmerulous
cw
b
v
(p/f)

A

capillary wall membrane
(fenstrated/permeability)
basement membrane
visceral epithelium
(podocytes,filter slit)

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19
Q

Describe what the shield of negativity does to the viceral epithelium layer of the golmerulous

A

repells anion plasma proteins

20
Q

Describe hydrostatic pressure

A

pressure exerted by liquid increases filtration

21
Q

Describe Oncotic pressure

A

pressure exerted by presence of unfiltered plasma…prescense of colloids

22
Q

Describe hydrostatic pressure in more depth
based off?
due to?
fluncuations?
compensates with?

A

based of BP
due to the small size of efferent
fluncuations of blood pressure - affect hydrostatic pressure
compensate w autoregulatory

23
Q

Describe Juxtagolmerulo function
Low BP?

A

maintains glomerulous blood pressure at constant rate
low BP =less blood flow = Inc toxic materials
dialates or constricts

24
Q

Describe RAAS
changes in
reg by

A

changes in BP and plasma sodium, regulated by juxtagolmerulous (afferent/convoluted tubules detect salt)

25
Q

Describe how RAAS would compensate for low sodium
less wr
lbv
dec
cells

A

less water retention
low blood vol
decreaseBP - signals Jux cells to release renin

26
Q

Describe Angiotensin II

A

vasoconstriction
proximal convoluted tubules
Aldosterone/ADH

27
Q

Describe Angiotensin I

A

lung and kidney

28
Q

Describe Aldosterone

A

adrenal cortex
distal tubules
reabsorbtion of salt and water
Inc BP/BV

29
Q

Describe ADH
h
inc
inc dp
c
inc

A

hypothalamus
inc water retention
inc distal tubule permeability
constrict blood vessles
inc BP

30
Q

Final results of RAAS?

A

NA BP inc decreased prod of renin

31
Q

T/F every minute, 120ml of low MW substances are tfiltered

A

true

32
Q

How do you differentiate filtrate vs plasma

A

no plasma protein no protein bound substances
no rbc/wbc

33
Q

Describe specific gravity post golmerulous

A

1.010 ultrafiltrate of plasma

34
Q

T/F you reabsorb majority of water/salt from urine

A

true

35
Q

Describe active transport
proximal tubule?
ascending loop
distal tube?

A

carrier protein, electrochemical energy
proximal tubule: glucose/amino/salt
Ascending loop: Cl-
Distal loop: Na+

36
Q

Describe passive transport

A

concentration gradient/electrical potential gradients

37
Q

T/F passive transport can be influenced by concn of substances being transported

A

false its active transport

38
Q

Describe Max reabsorption capacity (Tm)

A

transport max
max absorbtion ability for solute in filtrate

39
Q

Describe renal threshold

A

plasma concent at which active transport stops
glucose 160-180 high threshold
phosphate low threshold

40
Q

T/F renal threshold and plasma {} are clinically useful

A

T

41
Q

T/F normal people have glucose in thier urine

A

false

42
Q

Describe renal concentration
starts
mech
final conc
lose

A

starts at loop of henly
osmotic gradients/concorrunt mechanism
final concentration ends at distal tubule/collecting duct
lose water in decending loop

43
Q

Describe the countercurrent mechanism

A

pushes reabsorb of Na/H2O back to blood

44
Q

Describe High ADH

A

incr perm
inc reab of H2O
dec urine vol/more concentrated
inc specific gravity

45
Q

Describe Low ADH

A

dec perm
dec reab
inc urine vol/diluted
dec spec gravity

46
Q

T/F hydrated has low ADH
Dehhydrated has High ADH

A

true

Urinalysis Spring (9 decks)

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