Physical Properties of Urine

Question 1

Physical exam consists of

Answer 1

Color
Clarity
Spec. Gravity

(Color ranges from colorless to black)

Question 2

Color of urine can result from”

Answer 2

Normal met function, physical activity, ingestion of materials, pathologies, bacteria

Question 3

Describe normal urine Color
Urochrome
l
e
c
dark
depends

Answer 3

yellowish
lipid sol pigment
endogenous met.
constant rate

Darkens upon light exposure
depends on met. state

Question 4

Describe euroerythrin
attaches to
precipitates
am

Answer 4

pink color, attaches to urates, precipitate at fridge temps
amorphous urates

Question 5

Describe Urobilin

Answer 5

oxidation of urobiligen, orange brown color

(urobiligen is norm and colorless)

Question 6

Describe the overview of abn colors
Dark yellow/amber
what organ damage?

Answer 6

may be normal from presence of bilirubin or bile duct/liver damage

Question 7

T/F bilirubin has yellow foam when shaken

Answer 7

t

Question 8

what color do proteins in the urine make when shaken

Answer 8

White foam when shaken

Question 9

Yellow-orange color results from

Answer 9

large amounts of urobiligen being converted to urobilin (photo oxidation)
YELLOW FOAM DOESNT APPEAR WHEN SHAKEN

Question 10

Describe Phyridium (Azo)

Answer 10

may cause yellow/amber color
UTI medication
will interfere with dipstick
YELLOW FOAM (mistaken for bili)
ICTOTEST

Question 11

Yellow green

Answer 11

may occur from photo oxidation product of bilirubin - biliverdin

Question 12

Pink/red/brown

Answer 12

red = blood (can be clear)
brown color appears due to oxidation of Hgb to Methgb (acid urine)

Question 13

RED

Answer 13

hgb/myoglobulin
RBC - cloudy
Red clear - hgb/myoglobulin

Question 14

Describe myoglobulin

Answer 14

breakdown of skeletal muscles (rapidly cleared by kidney)
plasma clear

Question 15

Describe Hgb

Answer 15

breakdown of rbcs
red plasma

Question 16

Port red wine

Answer 16

oxidation of porphobiligen to porphyrins

Question 17

Non pathogenic causes of red urine

Answer 17

Beets
menstration
medications

Question 18

Brown/Black

Answer 18

melanin: oxidation of melanogen (colorless) produced in excess w malign melanoma

Homogentisic acid: met. of phenyaline
inborn error of met
alkaptonuria

Question 19

Blue/Green- purple

Answer 19

green - bacterial infect pseudomonas UTI

blue/Indican: interst tract
tryptophan - indole - indican
color interference

Purple: klebsiella prov. spp only catheterized

Question 20

Blue/Green normal causes
phenol

Answer 20

mints
intrav. medications (phenol)

Question 21

Pyridium vs bilirubin

Answer 21

P: clear plasma
yellow foam
drug

B: yellow foam
+ ICTOTEST
Liver

Question 22

Clear
Hazy/sl cloud
Cloudy
Turbid
Milky

Answer 22

C: no part, transparent
H: few part, print seen
C: many part, print blurred
T: print not seen
M: may precipitate - clot

Question 23

What causes milky urine

Answer 23

radioactive dye, chylaurea

Question 24

Ex of non pathogenic turbid

Path turbid

Answer 24

non: squamous epithelial
mucus
crystals
talc powder

Path:
rbc/wbc/bact
yeast
non-sq epith

Question 25

Describe specific gravity

Answer 25

measure of density of dissolve dchem in urine first renal funct impared is reabsorbtion INFLUENCED BY # PARTICLES AND SIZE

Question 26

Describe the refractometer determin velocity dissolved more conc =

Answer 26

determ conc of dissolved part. in specimen velocity of light in air vs solution dissolved particles will change angle more conc = inc angle

Question 27

Describe the Urinometer s.g weighted large

Answer 27

spec grav at temp 20deg weighted float, bouyancy, meniscus =1 large vol of urine

Question 28

Reagent strips pH >6.5 ONLY Large No p

Answer 28

screening test determined on .005 interval spec w pH >6.5 have dec readings due to bromy blue ONLY IONIC SOLUTES LARGE ORGANIC MOL (GLUC/UREA) NOT MEASURED, NO PLASMA/RADIOGRAPH

Question 29

Isothenuric urine

Answer 29

S g 1.010

Question 30

Hypothenuric S G Hypothenuris S G

Answer 30

<1.010 >1.010

Question 31

T/F Specimens <1.002 question integ of sample

Answer 31

t

Question 32

Random urine spec RR

Answer 32

1.002 - 1.035

Question 33

Avg random Spec RR

Answer 33

1.015 - 1.025

Question 34

T/F abn high results >1.035 possible intrav injection

Answer 34

true

Question 35

Reagent strip method or Osmometer will not be affected bu these two subst

Answer 35

Radiograph contrast media high MW plasma expander

Question 36

High Urine S.G

Answer 36

dilute/retest 1:2 (urine:distilled water)

Question 37

What does the refractometry scale go by?

Answer 37

2x 1.020 ---> 1.040

Question 38

Odor

Answer 38

usually clinically insign ammonia breakdown as urine sits RT diab ketones - fruity Bacteria/yeast - foul Maple syrup urine Asparagus PKU - mousy