Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Urinalysis Spring > Chem Properties pt 2 (Chem strip tests) > Flashcards

Chem Properties pt 2 (Chem strip tests) Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the glucose threshold

What is glucosuria
what are some causes?

A

160-180ml

glucosuria is glucose in urine:
following a meal
hormonal function imbalance
renal tube problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe the glucosuria: Not diabetic origin
following?

FIrst morning?
when do you collect and why?

A

following a high sugar meal
controlled intake of glucose and or fasting
First morning not always best
(glucose can remain in bladder overnight) - collect second moring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe glycosuria caused by hormonal imbalance

A

inc T4, epinephrine, cortisol, glucagon
glycogenolysis increases glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe renal glycosuria

A

glucose in the absence of hyperglycemia
renal tube unable to reabsorb
renal failure/pregnancy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Describe gestational diabetes
disapears?
what crosses the placenta/what doesnt?
higher incidence of?

A

disapears after pregnancy
glucose crosses the placenta, insulin doesn’t
higher incidence of diab. type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What test is utilized in the glucose pad?

what does the rxn look like?

A

glucose oxidase
double sequential enzyme

glucose and air - gluconic acid/hydro peroxidase

peroxidase - Hp/chromogen - colorchange

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F the glucose test is non specific to glucose - has rxns with other sugars

A

false it is specific to glucose and doesnt have rxns with other sugars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

False positives of Glucose test
p/o

False negatives
rs
V
b
H sg

A

false pos: contam with peroxide/oxidizing subj (detergents)

False negative: reducing substance Vit D ascorbic acid
bacteria
high specific gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe the copper reduction clintest

measures

detects

others

A

measures reducing substances, not specific for glucose
sensitivity 200-250

Detects: galactose
lactose
fructose

ascorbic acid/microbes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Describe the rxn inside the copper reduction clintest

colorchange?

A

glucose and reducing agents reduce copper sulfide to cuprous oxide/alk and heat

colorchange blue to green/yellow/orange - red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are things to be weary of in the copper reduction clintest?

A

pass through effect, watch closely, dont get burned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe the galactose clintest

A

was preformed on any child less than 24mos old

Major problem, galac - 1- phos-ur transferase
galactosemia and failure to thrive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what do they use now instead of the clintest?

A

every child is now screened with tandem mass spectrocopy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Galactosemia/uria
Clinist results
UA stick results

A

clinist - pos
UA stick - neg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Glycosuria
clintist results
UA stick

A

clintest - pos or neg (<200)
UA stick - pos (1+-4+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Describe Ketones

A

converts fats to CO2 and H2O

in diet/exercise
diabetes
vomit/starving/malabsorption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

3 intermediate products of ketones

A

acetone
ACETOACIDIC ACID
BHBA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe diabetes mellitus with ketones

A

deficiency of insulin, need to reg dosage
(1+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe accumulation of ketones

A

electrolyte imbalance, dehydration acidosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ketone strip test rxn and reagents

A

sodium Nitropruside

acetoacid rxn w sodium nitro to produce pink color

DOESNT MEASURE BHBA/ACETONE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

False positives for ketones

false negatives

A

+ few/levodopa, sulf groups, red pigment

  • improper preservation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Describe the Acetest

A

tablet with nitro/lactose, works with urine/serum/body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Describe Blood
Hematuria
Hgburia
Myoglobinuria

A

hematuria - whole rbc in blood cloudy
Hgburia - hgb in urine due to hemolysis/clear
Myoglobinuria - due to muscle destruction/clear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Clinical significance of blood

A

5 rbcs can be clear in urine with trace amounts, confirm with microscope

25
RBC/HGB/MYO all have?
pseudoperoxidase activity
26
Describe the rxn in the blood test
H202 + chromogen oxidi chromogen + h2O
27
False positive blood test false negative
+ strong oxid detergent vegetable peroxidase bacterial peroxidase (e.coli) - high levels of Vit C formalin/mixed specimen
28
Describe hematuria
renal calculi, golm. disease, trauma, pyelonephritis Non-path- exercise/menstration
29
Describe Hgburia
lysis of rbcs in urine tract dilute urine/alk urine Intravascular hemolysis heme anemia transfusion/burns
30
T/F normal breakdown of hgb is completed with haptoglobin and is too large to be filtered by the glomerulous
true
31
Describe hemosiderin
denatured ferritin yellow brown granules renal epithelial cells/casts
32
Describe myoglobinuria
heme protein found in muscle/toxic to tubes acute renal failure muscle destruction (rhabdomyelosis) coma/alcoholism
33
Diagnosis Hxt
increased serum creatinine/lactic acid
34
WHat test differentiates between Hgb and Myo
Ammonium sulfate test
35
Describe the ammonium sulfate test
hgb binds to amonia sulfate, heavy complex myoglobin remains in supernatent/strip test HGB = neg MYO = posD
36
Describe bilirubin
appearance in urine = indicator of liver disease LIVER DAMAGE AND BILE OBSTRUCITON pigmented, degraded hgb (not due to lysis)
37
T/F protoporhyrin ring is converted to unconjugated bilirubin and is H20 soluble, gets filtered by the kidneys
False unconjugated bilirubin is not H2O soluble and is not filterd by the kidney
38
Describe conjugated bilirubin
obstruction of bile duct/liver damage determine cause of jaundice
39
Reagent test / rxn for bilirubin
Diazo rxn bilirubin rxn with diazonium salt to produce azoddye
40
False + for bilirubin False - for bilirubin
+ azo indican pigmented urine - light exposure ascorbic acid
41
How do you confirm bilirubin?
Ictotest when bilirubin is + less sensitive to intert. substances, more sensitive useful for early causes of liver disorders PURPLE
42
Describe urobilinogen
intestine, reabsorbed into blood norm to have small amounts <1mg increased amount damage to liver/heme disorder
43
T/F there is bilirubin in urine
false
44
Describe the ..... with bilirubin and urobilinogen bile duct obstruction Liver damage Hem disease
bile duct obstruction Urine bilirubin +++ Urinbilinogen norm Liver damage Urine Bili + or - Urobilinogen ++ Hem Disease urine bilini negative urobiliogen +++
45
Absence of urobilinogen
Clinically significant obstruction of bile duct not detected by strip test - causes pale urine
46
What test is used with urobilinogen/reagent
Ehrlichs rgn not specific for urobilin - pink/red color
47
Urobilinogen Tube test color
tube test: cherry pink
48
Hoesch screen test screens for? Ml? what is inhibited? what reacts/color change? False +
screen for urinary prophobilinogen 6ml HCL urobilinogen inhibited due to acidic pH Porpho reacts turns pink False + other compounds
49
Describe Nitrate Tests results
ability of bacteria to produce nitrate to nitrite (only certain bacteria do this) test: Nitrite + aromatic amine = diazo salt Diazo salt + indicator = azodye Pink = pos
50
Rapid screen for UTI
Nitrite standardized not overly sensitive + with culture levels
51
Describe Bacteriuria
bacteria bladder infection or kidney pyelonephritis Clinically significant combined with leuk esterase test (WBC)
52
False negatives in nitrite
bacteria do not have enzyme to reduce nitrate to nitrite first morning specimen preferred needs to be normal occuring nitrate in urine (veggies) for bacteria to make nitrite
53
Organisms that cause UTIs that do NOT reduce nitrate to nitrite
Gram positive bacteria and yeast
54
Will reduce nitrate to nitrite to nitrogen
enterobacteriacea
55
False + of nitrite
not fresh sample/color interference
56
Describe leukocyte esterase
presence of esterase in granulocytic WBC, common in UTIs Detetcs lysed leukocytes (microscopy cannot detect this) Compare # to bacteria trichomonas/yeast can cause w/o infection Inflammation
57
Test rxn of leukocyte esterase
indoxl/pyrole - carbonic ester - indoxl/pyrole + dyaz salt = purple color
58
False + of LE False - of Le
+ formalin, high pigmentation = protein, glucose, ascorbic acid crenated WBC (cant release esterase) Abx gent/ceph/tretra

Urinalysis Spring (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions