Chemical properties of Urine PT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Reagent strips

A

chemically impregnated to measure medically sign. substances
impropeer techniques = errors

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2
Q

Problems with reagent strips
not ….
strip left…?
leech
t
c

A

not mixing samples
strip left in urine too long (rbc/wbc not detected)
reagents leeching/bleeding
timing
charts

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3
Q

Urine specimens
temperatures?
well…
free of..
what can interfere?

A

should be at RT or fridge
well mixed
free of contam
thick/mucoid can interfere

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4
Q

Procedure breifly of strip test

A

check lables
pour cup into kova
dip reagent stick
remove, tap excess
blot
wait
compare

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5
Q

QC briefly

A

2 controlls
once per shift/day
synthetic or batched

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6
Q

T/F distilled water is not recommended for negative controls

A

t

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7
Q

Handling/storage
protected from?
keep what in the container?
check…
dont touch

A

must be protected from deterioration
keep dessicant in container
remove prior to testing and tightly reseal

RT
check expirations
dont touch pad areas

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8
Q

pH briefly
what regs acid base balance
first morning pH

Alk tide

A

kidneys/lungs reg acid base balance
FM: pH 5.0-6.0 acidic

Alkaline tide: more alk throughout day/meals

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9
Q

Normal random pH
pH >9

A

NR: 4.5-8.0

> 9.0 do not test, improperly preserved

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10
Q

ID of crystals

A

pH dependent treatment forms renal calculi, UTI

Acid - diabetes
Alk - vomit

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11
Q

Double indicator system

A

methylene red Bromo blue

Red to yellow 4-6pH

Blue - Yellow to blue 6.0 -9.0 pH

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12
Q

Describe protein
most indicative of
normal urine?

A

most indicative of renal disease, early renal disease.

normal urine contains small amount <10mg

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13
Q

Alb

how is it filtered?

A

main serum protein in normal urine
not filtered by glom., most filtered is reabsorbed back to plasma

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14
Q

Other proteins in urine

A

Macroglob, vaginal sec, Tamms- Horstall (tubules/casts)

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15
Q

T/F proteins can accept H ions

Acid buffer pH 4.0

more sens to alb

A

t

f: 3.0

t

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16
Q

Highly alk urine
pH
overrides?
what confirmatory test

what criteria in order to preform the test?

A

> 7.5
overrides acid buffer: false positive

SSA TEST CONFIRMATORY

PH >7.5 AND PROTEIN +

17
Q

Sources of error in SSA/Highly alk urine

false +
h
cleaning
high
buff

false -

A

+ : highly pigm urine
contam with cleaning solut. w ammonium
High SG
buff alk

-: proteins other than alb

18
Q

Proteinuria areas of inerest

A

prerenal, renal, post renal

19
Q

Describe prerenal
p
not indicator of…
low MW….pp/i/i/
what proteins
strip detection

A

plasma
not indicator of renal disease, overflow
low MW plasma proteins/infect/inflam
BENCE JONES

STRIP WILL NOT DETECT PRERENAL

20
Q

Renal proteinuria
glom….(disease)

renal disease =…
glom damage = what amount per day?
tubular = low…

A

golm. orthostatic
renal diease = damage to golm.tube

Golm damage = 4g per day
tubular = low levels of protein

21
Q

Causes of renal proteinuria
am…
ts/ic…examples?
high
inc
ex/hy
p

A

amyloid materias
toxic substances/immune complexes (lupus/strep)

High BP
inc alb, excersise/hypertension
preg

22
Q

Golmerular damages shows what in urine

23
Q

Tubular proteinuria

increased…
what type of proteins

causes
ts
eg
af
h/m
f

A

inc HIB, LMW proteins due to inability to reabsorb

Causes: toxic sub, ethlyene glycol, antifungal, hgb/mygo
fanconis

24
Q

Functional proteinuria

A

not always pathogenic
excersise, fever, dehydration, extreme cold

25
Orthostatic proteinuria
adolescents vertical position: Inc protein Horizontal: dec protein due to inc pressure on renal arteries
26
post renal proteinuria
lower urinary tract (bladder/urethra) bacterial inflamm....etc
27
What does ssa stand for
sulfur salysilic acid when reagent strip is +, confirms testig
28
Alkaline Urine major characteristics false cold rxn centrifuge and?
false pos for protein cold precipitation rxn w/ all protein forms centrifuge report turbidity
29
Any substance precipitated by acid f t rad.. d m anti..
false turbidity radiopgraphic dyes diab. mellitus antimicrobials
30
Describe Microalburia small low levels onset import
small amounts of alb in urine, low levels not detected by strip test Onset of small amounts of protein/alb = renal issues important for diabt type 1/2
31
Micral-test anti... c colors?
anti-human alb ab conjugate white to red
32
Immuno-dip l I line II lines
latex particles Ab, I line (control unbound) II lines (positive)
33
Dye binding assay measures what ratio? why?
measures ab/creatinine ab can vary due to hydration/creatinine is constant A:C ratio for over under
34
Describe limitations of immunochem assays b m d d
bloody urine medications dark urine detergents