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Urinalysis Spring > Chemical properties of Urine PT 1 > Flashcards

Chemical properties of Urine PT 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Reagent strips

A

chemically impregnated to measure medically sign. substances
impropeer techniques = errors

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2
Q

Problems with reagent strips
not ….
strip left…?
leech
t
c

A

not mixing samples
strip left in urine too long (rbc/wbc not detected)
reagents leeching/bleeding
timing
charts

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3
Q

Urine specimens
temperatures?
well…
free of..
what can interfere?

A

should be at RT or fridge
well mixed
free of contam
thick/mucoid can interfere

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4
Q

Procedure breifly of strip test

A

check lables
pour cup into kova
dip reagent stick
remove, tap excess
blot
wait
compare

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5
Q

QC briefly

A

2 controlls
once per shift/day
synthetic or batched

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6
Q

T/F distilled water is not recommended for negative controls

A

t

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7
Q

Handling/storage
protected from?
keep what in the container?
check…
dont touch

A

must be protected from deterioration
keep dessicant in container
remove prior to testing and tightly reseal

RT
check expirations
dont touch pad areas

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8
Q

pH briefly
what regs acid base balance
first morning pH

Alk tide

A

kidneys/lungs reg acid base balance
FM: pH 5.0-6.0 acidic

Alkaline tide: more alk throughout day/meals

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9
Q

Normal random pH
pH >9

A

NR: 4.5-8.0

> 9.0 do not test, improperly preserved

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10
Q

ID of crystals

A

pH dependent treatment forms renal calculi, UTI

Acid - diabetes
Alk - vomit

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11
Q

Double indicator system

A

methylene red Bromo blue

Red to yellow 4-6pH

Blue - Yellow to blue 6.0 -9.0 pH

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12
Q

Describe protein
most indicative of
normal urine?

A

most indicative of renal disease, early renal disease.

normal urine contains small amount <10mg

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13
Q

Alb

how is it filtered?

A

main serum protein in normal urine
not filtered by glom., most filtered is reabsorbed back to plasma

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14
Q

Other proteins in urine

A

Macroglob, vaginal sec, Tamms- Horstall (tubules/casts)

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15
Q

T/F proteins can accept H ions

Acid buffer pH 4.0

more sens to alb

A

t

f: 3.0

t

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16
Q

Highly alk urine
pH
overrides?
what confirmatory test

what criteria in order to preform the test?

A

> 7.5
overrides acid buffer: false positive

SSA TEST CONFIRMATORY

PH >7.5 AND PROTEIN +

17
Q

Sources of error in SSA/Highly alk urine

false +
h
cleaning
high
buff

false -

A

+ : highly pigm urine
contam with cleaning solut. w ammonium
High SG
buff alk

-: proteins other than alb

18
Q

Proteinuria areas of inerest

A

prerenal, renal, post renal

19
Q

Describe prerenal
p
not indicator of…
low MW….pp/i/i/
what proteins
strip detection

A

plasma
not indicator of renal disease, overflow
low MW plasma proteins/infect/inflam
BENCE JONES

STRIP WILL NOT DETECT PRERENAL

20
Q

Renal proteinuria
glom….(disease)

renal disease =…
glom damage = what amount per day?
tubular = low…

A

golm. orthostatic
renal diease = damage to golm.tube

Golm damage = 4g per day
tubular = low levels of protein

21
Q

Causes of renal proteinuria
am…
ts/ic…examples?
high
inc
ex/hy
p

A

amyloid materias
toxic substances/immune complexes (lupus/strep)

High BP
inc alb, excersise/hypertension
preg

22
Q

Golmerular damages shows what in urine

A

WBC/RBCS

23
Q

Tubular proteinuria

increased…
what type of proteins

causes
ts
eg
af
h/m
f

A

inc HIB, LMW proteins due to inability to reabsorb

Causes: toxic sub, ethlyene glycol, antifungal, hgb/mygo
fanconis

24
Q

Functional proteinuria

A

not always pathogenic
excersise, fever, dehydration, extreme cold

25
Q

Orthostatic proteinuria

A

adolescents
vertical position: Inc protein
Horizontal: dec protein
due to inc pressure on renal arteries

26
Q

post renal proteinuria

A

lower urinary tract (bladder/urethra)
bacterial inflamm….etc

27
Q

What does ssa stand for

A

sulfur salysilic acid
when reagent strip is +, confirms testig

28
Q

Alkaline Urine major characteristics
false
cold
rxn
centrifuge and?

A

false pos for protein
cold precipitation
rxn w/ all protein forms
centrifuge
report turbidity

29
Q

Any substance precipitated by acid
f t
rad..
d m
anti..

A

false turbidity
radiopgraphic dyes
diab. mellitus
antimicrobials

30
Q

Describe Microalburia
small
low levels

onset
import

A

small amounts of alb in urine, low levels not detected by strip test

Onset of small amounts of protein/alb = renal issues
important for diabt type 1/2

31
Q

Micral-test
anti…
c
colors?

A

anti-human alb ab conjugate
white to red

32
Q

Immuno-dip
l
I line
II lines

A

latex particles Ab, I line (control unbound) II lines (positive)

33
Q

Dye binding assay
measures what ratio?
why?

A

measures ab/creatinine
ab can vary due to hydration/creatinine is constant
A:C ratio for over under

34
Q

Describe limitations of immunochem assays
b
m
d
d

A

bloody urine
medications
dark urine
detergents

Urinalysis Spring (9 decks)

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