Micro UA part 1 Flashcards
Describe RBCs
size
normal amount in urine?
7 microns
no nucleus
normally 0-2 in urine
Describe Ghost cells
dilute =
membrane?
dont?
Dilute = cells swell and lyse
membrane intact
DONT count just note
What are ghost cells confused with?
y
o
a
Confused with yeast
oil droplets
air bubbles
What lyses rbcs but not yeast?
Acetic acid
Describe Hematuria
what in urine?
problems?
hpf…
chem strip?
lysed?
rbc in urine, presence/absence may not correlate to color
1-4/phpf but strip negative
chem strip pos but no rbc seen
(lysed hgb/mygb/rbc)
Crenated rbcs are mistaken for?
wbcs
Dysmorphic rbcs
cellular…..
associated with?
needs ?
rarely seen?
cellular profusions vary in size, fragmented
associated w/ glom bleeding
needs second tech view
rarely seen due to excersise
Describe WBCs
size
normal amount
12 microns
normal value 0-5 usually neutrophils
Hypertonic
cell?
doesnt?
may be negative for?
cell shrinks
do not release granules
may be negative for leuk. esterase on strip test
Hypotonic
cells swell, glitter cells, granules undergo brownian movement not path. significant
Pyuria
increased?
usually denote?
in the?
b/f
g
l
t
increased WBC in urine
usually denote infection/inflammation in genitourin tract
bacteria/fungi
glomeruloneph
lupus
tumors
Sternheimer-malbin stain color
pink/red
Mononuclear cells
common?
cells?
seen in early?
looks like?
less common
lymphs: resemble rbcs
seen in early stg renal transplant rejection
mono/macro/histocytes
looks like RTE cells
Eosinophils
primary condition
others?
not normally in?
stains?
clin significance?
drug induced interstitial nephritis (primary)
UTI/parasite
not normal in urine
hansel stain/wright stain
more than 1% clinically significant
Epithilial cells
three types?
line genitourinary tract
three types:
Squamous (largest)
transitional
renal tubule
Squamous epithelial cells
size?
nucleus?
seen on?
can?
origins?
largest
sediment
nucleus size of rbc
easily seen on low power 10x
can FOLD/looks like cast
Origins - linning of vagina/urethra
Clue cells
squamous cells with bacteria
pathologic in large numbers, not reported in urine
bacterial vaginosis/gardinella
Transitional cells
smaller than?
nucleus location?
defined?
numerous?
amounts?
hard to diff from?
originate in?
smaller than squamous
central located nucleus
well defined edge
numerous folds
Norm in small amounts: <0-2
hard to differentiate from RTE
Originate in: pelvis/top urethra
Increased numbers of transitional cells
invasive urologic procedure (catheters) not pathological
abn morphology = viral infection/malignancy
Renal tube cells
vary based on?
larger than?
shape?
nucleus?
normal range?
> =
vary in size based on location
larger than wbc
not round/flattened edge
eccentric nucleus
0-2 normal
> 2 damage to renal tubes
T/F RTE reabsorb filtrates and may contain elements: bilirubin yellow: hemosiderin yellow-brown granules
true
Oval fat body
RTE that has…..
highly r/p
seen among..
RTE that has lipids absorbed from golm. filtrate
highly refractile
highly pathogenic
seen among free fat droplets/casts
Lipiduria
fat in urine
nephrotic syndrome
tube necrosis
diab mellitus
trauma bm fat
lipid storage disease
How do you stain oval fat bodies
oil red O or sudan III
triglyercides/neutral fats
Oval fat body special features
polarize cholesterol - characteristic maltese cross
confused w starch/crystals
Bacteria
what stain?
not norm in urine
rt >2hr
should also see wbcs
Nitrite/leuk esterase
Sternheimer stain
Yeast
hyphae appear ?
mainly?
diab
immuno
yeast
what should be present
small refractile oval element
budding
hyphae appear branched
(rbc lyse with acid)
mainly candida albicans
-diabetes mellitus
-immuno compromosied
-yeast infection
wbc should be present
mucus
what type of substance where?
major consitintuent?
low?
more in?
significance?
protein substance prod by glands/epi cells of lower genit tract RTE
major constitnuent - tamms-horsfall
low refractile index
low light source
more in females
no clinical significance
Sperm
shape?
motility?
significance?
increase numbers may produce?
consquences?
oval slightly tapered head long tail
not motile (urine toxic)
not clin significant
inc may produce “pos” protein (sometimes only reported when this happens)
legal consequences sometimes possible
