Micro UA part 1

Question 1

Describe RBCs
size
normal amount in urine?

Answer 1

7 microns
no nucleus
normally 0-2 in urine

Question 2

Describe Ghost cells
dilute =
membrane?
dont?

Answer 2

Dilute = cells swell and lyse
membrane intact
DONT count just note

Question 3

What are ghost cells confused with?
y
o
a

Answer 3

Confused with yeast
oil droplets
air bubbles

Question 4

What lyses rbcs but not yeast?

Answer 4

Acetic acid

Question 5

Describe Hematuria

what in urine?

problems?
hpf…
chem strip?

lysed?

Answer 5

rbc in urine, presence/absence may not correlate to color

1-4/phpf but strip negative
chem strip pos but no rbc seen
(lysed hgb/mygb/rbc)

Question 6

Crenated rbcs are mistaken for?

Answer 6

wbcs

Question 7

Dysmorphic rbcs
cellular…..

associated with?

needs ?
rarely seen?

Answer 7

cellular profusions vary in size, fragmented

associated w/ glom bleeding

needs second tech view
rarely seen due to excersise

Question 8

Describe WBCs
size
normal amount

Answer 8

12 microns
normal value 0-5 usually neutrophils

Question 9

Hypertonic
cell?
doesnt?
may be negative for?

Answer 9

cell shrinks
do not release granules
may be negative for leuk. esterase on strip test

Question 10

Hypotonic

Answer 10

cells swell, glitter cells, granules undergo brownian movement not path. significant

Question 11

Pyuria

increased?

usually denote?
in the?

b/f
g
l
t

Answer 11

increased WBC in urine
usually denote infection/inflammation in genitourin tract

bacteria/fungi
glomeruloneph
lupus
tumors

Question 12

Sternheimer-malbin stain color

Answer 12

pink/red

Question 13

Mononuclear cells

common?
cells?

seen in early?

looks like?

Answer 13

less common

lymphs: resemble rbcs
seen in early stg renal transplant rejection

mono/macro/histocytes

looks like RTE cells

Question 14

Eosinophils

primary condition
others?

not normally in?

stains?

clin significance?

Answer 14

drug induced interstitial nephritis (primary)

UTI/parasite

not normal in urine

hansel stain/wright stain

more than 1% clinically significant

Question 15

Epithilial cells

three types?

Answer 15

line genitourinary tract

three types:
Squamous (largest)
transitional
renal tubule

Question 16

Squamous epithelial cells
size?

nucleus?

seen on?

can?

origins?

Answer 16

largest
sediment
nucleus size of rbc
easily seen on low power 10x

can FOLD/looks like cast

Origins - linning of vagina/urethra

Question 17

Clue cells

Answer 17

squamous cells with bacteria
pathologic in large numbers, not reported in urine

bacterial vaginosis/gardinella

Question 18

Transitional cells
smaller than?
nucleus location?
defined?
numerous?

amounts?

hard to diff from?

originate in?

Answer 18

smaller than squamous
central located nucleus
well defined edge
numerous folds

Norm in small amounts: <0-2

hard to differentiate from RTE

Originate in: pelvis/top urethra

Question 19

Increased numbers of transitional cells

Answer 19

invasive urologic procedure (catheters) not pathological

abn morphology = viral infection/malignancy

Question 20

Renal tube cells
vary based on?
larger than?

shape?
nucleus?
normal range?
> =

Answer 20

vary in size based on location
larger than wbc
not round/flattened edge
eccentric nucleus
0-2 normal

> 2 damage to renal tubes

Question 21

T/F RTE reabsorb filtrates and may contain elements: bilirubin yellow: hemosiderin yellow-brown granules

Answer 21

true

Question 22

Oval fat body
RTE that has…..

highly r/p

seen among..

Answer 22

RTE that has lipids absorbed from golm. filtrate

highly refractile

highly pathogenic

seen among free fat droplets/casts

Question 23

Lipiduria

Answer 23

fat in urine

nephrotic syndrome
tube necrosis
diab mellitus
trauma bm fat
lipid storage disease

Question 24

How do you stain oval fat bodies

Answer 24

oil red O or sudan III
triglyercides/neutral fats

Question 25

Oval fat body special features

Answer 25

polarize cholesterol - characteristic maltese cross

confused w starch/crystals

Question 26

Bacteria
what stain?

Answer 26

not norm in urine
rt >2hr
should also see wbcs

Nitrite/leuk esterase

Sternheimer stain

Question 27

Yeast

hyphae appear ?

mainly?

diab
immuno
yeast

what should be present

Answer 27

small refractile oval element
budding

hyphae appear branched
(rbc lyse with acid)

mainly candida albicans
-diabetes mellitus
-immuno compromosied
-yeast infection

wbc should be present

Question 28

mucus

what type of substance where?

major consitintuent?

low?

more in?

significance?

Answer 28

protein substance prod by glands/epi cells of lower genit tract RTE

major constitnuent - tamms-horsfall

low refractile index

low light source
more in females

no clinical significance

Question 29

Sperm

shape?

motility?
significance?

increase numbers may produce?

consquences?

Answer 29

oval slightly tapered head long tail
not motile (urine toxic)
not clin significant

inc may produce “pos” protein (sometimes only reported when this happens)

legal consequences sometimes possible