Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Urinalysis Spring > Lecture 1 > Flashcards

Lecture 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe urine formation

A

approx 170,000ml filtered plasma forms and average daily urine vol of 1200mL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F avg urine vol is 1200mL or 5 cups

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe urine composition

A

consists of organic and inorganic solutes
95% water 5% solutes

Urea = 1/2 of dissolved solids
(Urea is a breakdown of amino acids)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are somethings that affect urine

A

diet, activity, body metabolism, sleep diabetes (glucose)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some organic substances in Urine

A

CREATININE
Uric acid - crystals (barrel/hexagon)

and hippuric acid minor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some inorganic substances in urine

A

Chloride
sodium
potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some other major substances found in urine

A

hormones
vitamines
Formed elements: cells, bacteria, casts, crystals
medications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you test a liquid to see if its urine?

A

test for Urea and Creatinine both are present in higher concentrations in urine than other body fluids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some factors that influence urine volume

A

fluid intake
fluid loss from non renal sources/sweat/burns
variations in secretions (Antidiretic hormones)
kidneys need to excrete increased amounts of dissolved solids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the normal daily output of urine

A

1200-1500Ml
normally 600-2000mL daily

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe Oliguria

A

decrease in norm urine volume excessive water loss/vomit/dirrhea/burns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe Anuria

A

cessation of urine flow, serious damage to kidneys/dec blood flow to kidneys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe Nocturia

A

increase in nocturnal excretion of urine, kidney excretes 2-3x more urine during day than night

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe polyuria

A

increased in daily urine vol, diabtes mellitus, insipidus, diuretics…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Describe diabetes mellitus

A

deficiency in pancreatic production of insulin or def. function of insulin
increase in blood glucose concentration

Polydipisa increased water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does urine look like in diabetes mellitus

A

increased volume
increased specific gravity due to increased glucose

17
Q

Describe diabetes insipidus

A

Decreased ADH production or renal tubular dystfunction
poly dipisa

Urine has increased vol
Decreased specific gravity

18
Q

T/F you use large containers for 24 hr urine collection

A

true

19
Q

What is the minimum mL level for urine testing

A

50mL

typically transported to another tube that holds 10-15mL

20
Q

When should specimens be tested

A

testing within 2hr of collection

if >2hr fridge/ice/preservatives

(bacterial growth can occur with increased glucose)

21
Q

What are some ways you can tell urine has been compromised?

A

color change
smell
turbidity
increased pH
dec glucose
dec rbc/wbc

22
Q

What is the most commonly used perservative and its pros and cons

A

pros: dec bacterial growth

cons: can cause precipitation of amorphous crystals, microscopic sediment

23
Q

Ideal preservation?

A

bactericial
inhibits urease
preserves formed elements
doesnt hinder chemical testing

24
Q

T/F random testing is the most common and most useful for screening tests

A

True

25
Q

Describe first morning specimens

A

routine screenings
pregnancy
most concentrated

26
Q

Describe osthostatic proteinurina

A

normal at night, increased during day
urine void propr to recumbent position
8hr urine taken upon waking up

27
Q

Describe fasting specimen

A

second morning
collected after a period of time 10-12 hrs
glucose monitoring

28
Q

Describe 2hr post prandial specimens

A

pt voids urine and discards sample
eats meal high in glucose like glucola
2hr post meal specimen in collected
monitor insulin theraphy in pts w diabetes mellitus

29
Q

Describe glucose tolerance specimens

A

urine and blood
8-15 hr fast GTT
2hrs post meal
fasting N:110
Pre 110-126
D:126

Oral 140
D 200

30
Q

Describe the 24hr timed specimen

A

if concentration varies use 24hr
pt uses bathroom and flushes then starts timer
add and preserve until time is done

31
Q

Describe catherized specimens

A

urethra into bladder, specimen may be collected from each kidney through the urter of each kidney
used for bacterial cultures

32
Q

Describe mid-stream clean catch

A

less traumatic
wipe, pee a little stop, collect

33
Q

Describe suprapubic aspiration

A

collect via bladder thin needle
usful in bacterial culture that is completely free of ext. cont
cytology

34
Q

Describe pediatric samples

A

clear bag w adhesive, urine in sterile bag

35
Q

Describe Prosititis

A

3 step collection (2nd cup control)
mid stream clean catch
1/3 exam microscopically
prostate infect = 3rd cup has 3x bacteria than the 1st

36
Q

Describe COC in drug testing

A

procedure steps every second of the way
llegally prove that no tampering has occured
somtimes can be witnessed
urine temp needs to be 32.5-37.5

Urinalysis Spring (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions