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AUBF > Renal Function > Flashcards

Renal Function Flashcards

1
Q

1-1.5million functional units in the kidney

A

nephrons

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2
Q

Identify the nephron:

responsible for the removal of wastes and reabsorption of nutrients in the kidney

A

cortical nephrons

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3
Q

Identify the nephron:

responsible for the concentration of urine

A

juxtamedullary nephrons

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4
Q

give the 4 renal functions

A
  1. renal blood flow
  2. filtration (glomerular)
  3. reabsorption (PCT)
  4. secretion (PCT)
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5
Q

in what tubule does the reabsorption of essential substances happen?

A

proximal convoluted tubule (pct)

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6
Q

in what tubule does the final adjustment of urinary composition happen?

A

distal convoluted tubule (dct)

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7
Q

Where do the major water and salt exchanges occur between the blood and medullary interstitium?

A

loops of Henle

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8
Q

total renal blood flow per minute

A

1200mL/min

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9
Q

total renal plasma flow per minute

A

600-700mL/min

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10
Q

beginning of the renal tubule

A

Bowman’s capsule

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11
Q

serves as a nonselective filter of plasma substances

A

glomerulus

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12
Q

Where does the glomerulus reside?

A

inside the Bowman’s capsule

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13
Q

intertwining foot processes seen in the inner layer of Bowman’s capsule

A

podocytes

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14
Q

primary protein with positive charge assoc. with renal disease

A

albumin

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15
Q

What phenomenon repels positive charge molecules (e.g., albumin) in the glomerular filtration barrier?

A

shield of negativity

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16
Q

What system regulates the flow of blood to and within the glomerulus?

A

Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS)

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17
Q

components of juxtaglomerular apparatus

A

juxtaglomerular cells of afferent arterioles and macula densa of DCT

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18
Q

What monitors the changes in BP and plasma sodium content?

A

juxtaglomerular apparatus

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19
Q

an enzyme produced by juxtaglomerular cells that react with angiotensinogen to produce angiotensin I

A

renin

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20
Q

a hormone that causes vasodilation of afferent arteriole + constriction of efferent arteriole → release of aldosterone and ADH

A

angiotensin II

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21
Q

What is the difference between the compositions of filtrate and plasma?

A

absence of plasma protein, any protein-bound substances, and cells

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22
Q

specific gravity of urine

A

1.010

23
Q

Identify the cellular mechanism involved in tubular reabsorption:

  • substance to be absorbed is bound to carrier protein
  • needs electrochemical energy
A

active transport

24
Q

Identify the cellular mechanism involved in tubular reabsorption:

  • molecules move due to differences in their concentration or electric potential on opposite sides of the membrane
A

passive transport

25
Q

Identify the cellular mechanism involved in tubular reabsorption:

  • glucose, amino acids, and salts
  • chloride
  • sodium
A

active transport

26
Q

Identify the cellular mechanism involved in tubular reabsorption:

  • water
  • urea
  • sodium
A

passive transport

27
Q

Identify the location and mechanism of transport:

  • glucose, amino acids, salts
A

active - PCT

28
Q

Identify the location and mechanism of transport:

  • chloride
A

active - ascending loop of Henle

29
Q

Identify the location and mechanism of transport:

  • sodium
A

active - pct and dct
passive (w/chloride) - ascending loop of Henle

30
Q

Identify the location and mechanism of transport:

water

A

passive - pct, descending loop of Henle, collecting duct

31
Q

Identify the location and mechanism of transport:

urea

A

passive - pct, ascending loop of Henle

32
Q

True or False:

Passive reabsorption of water takes place in all parts of the nephron except the ascending loop of Henle

A

True

33
Q

plasma concentration at which active transport stops

A

renal threshold

34
Q

renal threshold of glucose

A

160-180mL

35
Q

What is the cause of the presence of glucose in the urine?

A

tubular damage

36
Q

Where does renal concentration begin?

A

loops of Henle

37
Q

selective reabsorption process that serves to maintain the osmotic gradient of the medulla

A

countercurrent mechanism

38
Q

Where does the final concentration of urine happen?

A

collecting ducts

39
Q

What happens to water reabsorption and urine volume if ADH decreases?

A

↑H2O and ↑Urine Volume

40
Q

What happens to water reabsorption and urine volume if ADH increases?

A

↓H2O and ↓Urine Volume

41
Q

What controls the production of aldosterone?

A

salt

42
Q

2 major functions of tubular secretion

A
  1. waste elimination
  2. regulation of acid-base balance
43
Q

major site of removal of unfiltered substances

A

proximal convoluted tubule

44
Q

normal blood pH

A

7.4

45
Q

True or False:

Bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) are excreted in the urine.

A

False (it is reabsorbed back into the blood to maintain its pH)

46
Q

What tubules/ducts produce ammonium ions?

A

pct (main)
for additional needs: dct and collecting duct

47
Q

inability to produce an acid urine

A

metabolic acidosis/renal tubular acidosis

48
Q

In what loop of Henle reabsorbs water?

A

descending

49
Q

In what loop of Henle reabsorbs sodium and chloride?

A

ascending

50
Q

earliest glomerular filtration test for urea

A

urea clearance

51
Q

Original reference method for clearance tests (golden standard)

A

inulin clearance

52
Q

What is the most common glomerular function test that uses 24-hour urine collection?

A

Creatinine clearance

53
Q

substrate for renin enzyme

A

angiotensin

AUBF (9 decks)

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