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AUBF > [LAB] Physical Examination of Urine > Flashcards

[LAB] Physical Examination of Urine Flashcards

1
Q

What causes the yellow color of urine?

A

urochrome

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2
Q

Who named urochrome in 1864?

A

Thudichum

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3
Q

What signifies pale yellow urine?

A

dilute urine

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4
Q

What signifies dark yellow urine?

A

concentrated urine

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5
Q

What will be the color of the urine if the specimen has been refrigerated?

A

Pink

(presence of uroerythrin)

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6
Q

What will be the color of the urine if there has been an oxidation of urobilinogen?

A

Orange-brown (from urobilin)

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7
Q

What pigment causes the urine to be pink?

A

uroerythrin

(from refrigeration)

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8
Q

What pigment causes the urine to be orange-brown?

A

urobilin

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9
Q

What signifies the increase in the amount of white foam in urine?

A

high protein concentration

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10
Q

Specimens containing _______ produces yellow foam when shaken (mistaken for bilirubin)

A

phenazopyridine

(medicine for UTI)

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11
Q

What are the 2 drugs for UTI that causes yellow-orange pigment in the urine?

A

phenazopyridine and azo-gantrisin

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12
Q

What causes the dark yellow or amber color of urine?

A

bilirubin

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13
Q

What causes the red color of urine?

A

blood

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14
Q

What causes the brown color of urine?

A

oxidation of hemoglobin to methemoglobin

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15
Q

What is the difference between RBC and hemoglobin/myoglobin in terms of their effect on the urine’s physical characteristics?

A
  • RBCs: red and cloudy
  • Hemoglobin/Myoglobin: red + clear
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16
Q

What is the difference between hemoglobin and myoglobin?

A

Hemoglobin - red plasma
Myoglobin - clear plasma

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17
Q

What causes the port wine color of urine?

A

porphyrins

18
Q

What food will cause a red color in alkaline urine?

A

fresh beets

19
Q

What food will cause red color in acidic urine?

A

blackberries

20
Q

What causes the black color to alkaline urine from persons with alkaptonuria?

A

homogentisic acid

21
Q

metabolite of phenylalanine

A

homogentisic acid

22
Q

What is the colorless pigment that produces melanin?

A

melanogen

23
Q

What refers to the transparency or turbidity of a urine specimen?

A

clarity

24
Q

What causes the haziness in normal urine?

A

squamous epithelial cells and mucus

25
Q

pink brick dust precipitate in acidic urine

A

amorphous urates

26
Q

Causes white precipitate in urine with alkaline pH.

A

amorphous phosphates and carbonates

27
Q

What are the most commonly encountered pathologic causes of turbidity?

A

WBC and bacteria

28
Q

“measure of density”

A

specific gravity

29
Q

What is the specific gravity of water?

A

1.000

30
Q

What is the only method in use in routine urinalysis that requires correcting for the measurement of specific gravity?

A

refractometer

31
Q

What refers to the specific gravity of the plasma filtrate entering the glomerulus?

A

isosthenuric

32
Q

What is the range of the specific gravity of a normal random urine specimen?

A

1.002-1.035

33
Q

What is the principle of refractometry?

A

refractive index

34
Q

In refractometry, what determines the velocity and angle at which light passes through a solution?

A

concentration of dissolved particles

35
Q

In refractometry, what determines the angle at which the light beam enters the prism?

A

concentration of specimen

36
Q

comparison of the velocity of light in air with the velocity of light in a solution

A

refractive index

37
Q

What is the compensation temperature in the refractometer?

A

15-38℃

38
Q

When calibrating the refractometer, how much NaCl is used?

A

5% NaCl

39
Q

1g molecular weight of a substance divided by the number of particles into which it dissociates

A

osmole

40
Q

Incorporation of _______ (indicator) on the reagent pad measures the change in pH

A

bromthymol blue

41
Q

What method of measurement uses the principle of pKa changes of a polyelectrolyte by ions present?

A

reagent strip

AUBF (9 decks)

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