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RRPA Clinical Med II > Renal Electrolytes- schoenwald (Exam 4) > Flashcards

Renal Electrolytes- schoenwald (Exam 4) Flashcards

1
Q

The normal range of sodium

A

135-145

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2
Q

The primary circulating cation

a. chlorine
b. sodium
c. potassium

A

b. sodium

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3
Q

Osmolality is the measure of what?

A

dissolved particles in the blood

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4
Q

Normal serum Osmolality

a. 280-295
b. 200-250
c. 250-300

A

a. 280-295

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5
Q

osmolality will _____with overhydration and _____with dehydration

a. increase, decrease
b. decrease, increase
c. increase, stay the same

A

b. decrease with overhydration and increase with dehydration

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6
Q

Hypernatremia, hyperglycemia, ketosis, dehydration, diabetes insipidus will have what effect on osmolality

A

increase

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7
Q

SIADH with have what effect on osmolality

A

decrease

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8
Q

SIADH cause a ______ of serum sodium and a ______ in urine sodium

A

Decrease in serum and an increase in urine sodium.
You lose all of the sodium through urine.

**hyponatremia

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9
Q

Diabetes Insipidus causes hypo or hypernatremia?

A

Hypernatremia.

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10
Q

You have a patient that has an increased thrist as well as urinated ALOT of dilute urine. You draw their blood and they are hypernatremic. ______ is likely the cause

a. Diabetes insipidus
b. SIADH
c. overhydration

A

a. diabetes insipidus

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11
Q

_____ _____ is a good way to test the ability of the kidney to concentrate urine

A

urine osmolality

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12
Q

Urine osmolality normal range

A

50-1200

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13
Q

match the disease with the correct effect on urine osmolality (Increase or decrease)
SIADH
Diabetes insipidus

A

SIADH–> increase urine osmolality (decrease serum osmolality)
Diabetes insipidus –> decrease urine osmolality (increased serum osmolality)

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14
Q

CHF will cause a _______ urine osmolality

A

increased

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15
Q

Two types of hyponatremia

A

sodium depletion - free water loss

dilutional - water intake greater than water output - renal failure

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16
Q

What can casue hypernatremia?

A

impaired thrist mechanism

water loss without sodium loss - burns, fever

17
Q

what kind of urine test can help determine between renal and non renal causes of hyponatremia

A

urine sodium, spot or 24 hour

18
Q

The primary intracellular ion

a. sodium
b. chlorine
c. potassium

A

c. potassium

19
Q

as sodium is ______. potassium is _____

A

rebsorbed, lost

20
Q

normal range of potassium

A

3.5-5.5

21
Q

glucose administration can cause ______ .

A

Hypokalemia

22
Q

Aldosterone _______ potassium excretion

A

enhances

23
Q

ACEI can cause ________. (do not forget!)

A

hyperkalemia

24
Q

A possible finding on EKG of hyperkalemia

A

peaked t-waves

25
Q

Normal range for chloride

A

96-106

26
Q

in the renal proximal tubules chloride is exchanged for ______.

A

Bicarb ions

27
Q

Two causes of increased chloride

A

dehydration, metabolic acidosis

28
Q

Three causes of decreased chloride

A

overhydration, SIADH, Vomitting

29
Q

You have a patient that presents with altered mental status and a history of vomitting for three days. You notice marked edema. What might you suspect?

A

Acute renal failure

30
Q

causes of pre renal ARF (AKI)

A

Hypovolemia
Hypotension
CHF
Renal artery stenosis

31
Q

acute increase of ______ or more than 50% over baseline levels of Creatinine is AKI

A

> = .5

32
Q

intrinsic renal failure will have a ______ BUN/cr

A

decreased

33
Q

prerenal failure will have ______ BUN/cr

A

increased

34
Q

Urine sodium of

Prerenal vs intrinsic

A

Prerenal: <20

Intrinsic >40

35
Q

Fractional excretion of Na in
Prerenal vs
intrinsic

A

Prerenal : <1%

Intrinsic : >1-2%

36
Q

urine osmolality in

Prerenal vs intrinsic

A

Prerenal 500

Intrinsic 250-300

37
Q

CKD stages (GFR)

A 
stage 1: >90
Stage 2: 60-89
Stage 3: 30-59
Stage 4: 15-29
Stage 5: <15
38
Q

_____kalemia will be present in AKI

A

hyper

39
Q

MUDPILES of metabolic acidosis

A 
M- methanol
U- uremia 
D- DKA
P- Paraldehyde 
I- iron
L- lactic acidosis 
E- Ethylene glycol 
S- salicylates

RRPA Clinical Med II (45 decks)

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