Oncology Part 1 - Paulson (Exam 1) Flashcards
What is the most common cancer in men? Women?
- Men: prostate
- Women: breast
Which cancer is the most common killer for both men and women?
Lung cancer
What does TNM stand for?
Tumor
Nodes
Metastasis
Helps determine the stage of the cancer
- TX: _________________
- T0: _________________
- Tis: _________________
- T1-T4: _______________
- TX: tumor can’t be measured
- T0: tumor can’t be found
- Tis: in situ (hasn’t spread to deeper tissue)
- T1-T4: describes the tumor size and spread into adjacent structures
- NX: __________________
- N0: __________________
- N1-N3: ________________
- NX: Nodes can’t be evaluated (i.e. nodes have been removed)
- N0: No nodal involvement
- N1-N3: Describes size, location, and/or # of lymph nodes affected
- M0: ______________
- M1: ______________
- M0: no distant metastasis
- M1: yes distant metastasis
Bone metastases are common especially in which 5 types of cancers?
Prostate
Lung
Kidney
Thyroid
Breast
Paulson loves kittens, tigers, & bobcats (Not sure if she actually likes cats, it’s just the first thing that came to mind. She seems like more of a dog person.)
Treatment for bone mets:
- Opioids for analgesia
- Osteoclast inhibitors: bisphosphonates (i.e. Boniva)
- External Beam Radiation Therapy
What are the 5 most common primary tumors that met to the brain?
Melanoma
Lung
Kidney
Colorectal
Breast
Mant loves kids coloring books (coloring book and a cup of tea, just give it a go)
Most common way cancer spreads to the brain?
Hematogenous spread
Which type of image would you order to detect brain mets?
MRI w/ contrast
What type of medication can be given to help with irritation and swelling in the context of brain mets?
Steroids
In the treatment of brain mets, when do you do each of the following:
- Surgical resection
- Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS)
- Whole Brain Radiation Therapy (WBRT)
- Surgical resection: if 1 large tumor
- Stereotactic Radiosurgery (SRS): if tumor is inaccessible, or multiple small structures, or near a fragile structure
- Whole Brain Radiation Therapy (WBRT): often for those with multiple large tumors
T/F: Pulmonary metastases can only spread to the lungs through vascular spread
False.
Can spread to the lungs through vascular, lymphatic, or direct spread. Almost any primary cancer can spread to the lungs.
Which medication is most commonly used for pain and dyspnea in end-of-life care?
Opioids. Roxanol (liquid morphine) is a standard.
