RENAL DISORDER Flashcards
Which of the following is a feature of proximal RTA?
A. Acidic urine
B. Alkaline urine
C. Inability to secrete H+
D. Nephrocalcinosis
A. Acidic urine
A 15-year old male was diagnosed of Ewing sarcoma. He underwent chemotherapy with Ifosfamide. He came in today for his 3rd cycle of chemotherapy but he complained of sudden onset of weakness of both lower extremities. You requested for a stat serum K, which was low at 2.3 mmol/L. You are considering Fanconi syndrome. Which of the following is NOT part of the syndrome?
A. Acidic urine
B. Distal RTA
C. Low-molecular weight proteinuria
D. Phosphaturia, aminoaciduria, glycosuria, uricosuria, and elevated urinary sodium or potassium
B. Distal RTA
Fanconi syndrome:
Proximal RTA
nelson: characterized by low-molecular-weight proteinuria, glycosuria, phosphaturia, aminoaciduria, and proximal RTA
This particular diagnostic tool is commonly used in Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
A. Renal Ultrasound
B. Kidney Biopsy
C. Clinical Criteria
D. Stool exam
C. Clinical Criteria
nelson:
Kidney biopsies are only rarely performed in HUS because the diagnosis is usually established by clinical criteriaand the risks of biopsy
are significant during the active phase of the disease.
Which of the following scenarios point to acute kidney injury as defined by KDIGO?
A. An intubated adolescent for PCAP D who was anuric for 10 hrs already
B. A 3-year old child admitted for AGE with severe
dehydration who’s repeat serum creatinine was 1.5mg/dl (baseline serum creatinine 1mg/dl).
C. A 5-year old child admitted for dengue severe who’s urine output is 0.3mg/kg/hr in 3 hours.
D. A 10-year old child admitted for sepsis with an increase in serum creatinine of 0.2mg/dl
B. A 3-year old child admitted for AGE with severe
dehydration who’s repeat serum creatinine was 1.5mg/dl (baseline serum creatinine 1mg/dl).
SG, 10 year old/F came in due to dysuria and suprapubic pain. The following is/are true of SG’s condition:
A. Results in renal injury
B. Always present with fever
C. Caused by ascending infection
D. Some children will present with occasional diarrhea
C. Caused by ascending infection
Water and electrolytes are freely filtered at the level of the glomerulus. Which part of the tubule is the site of
most sodium reabsorption?
a. Distal tubule
b. Loop of Henle
c. Collecting duct
d. Proximal tubule
d. Proximal tubule
A 7-year old child came in due to fever, rash, and arthralgia. He had a history of PCAP 2 weeks ago wherein he was given Amoxicillin with good compliance. One day PTC, mother noted fever hence self-medicated again with Amoxicillin. This morning, he developed a maculopapular rash and joint pains. You suspect acute interstitial nephritis. What is the most appropriate treatment?
a. Perform immediate dialysis
b. Eliminate the suspected causative agent.
c. Perform renal biopsy to confirm diagnosis
d. Administer corticosteroids to prevent the progression acute kidney injury.
b. Eliminate the suspected causative agent.
The following diseases commonly presents with hematuria:
a. Goodpasture’s syndrome
b. Minimal Change Disease
c. Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
d. Rapidly Progressive Glomerukonephritis
c. Post Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis
This particular renal disease is commonly associated with hypoxic or ischemic insults to neonates .
A. Cortical necrosis
B. Renal vein thrombosis
C. Toxic Acute Kidney Injury
D. Thin Basement Membrane
Disease
A. Cortical necrosis
An 8-year old boy came in at the ER with a chief complaint of gross hematuria. This was noted 2 days after he had URTI. Pertinent physical examination revealed stage 1 hypertension and periorbital and bipedal edema. The rest of the PE was unremarkable. You are considering IgA nephropathy. Which is a feature of the disease?
a. Low serum C3
b. Elevated serum IgA
c. Nephrotic-range proteinuria
d. Rapid progression is common
c. Nephrotic-range proteinuria
serum C3-normal
serum IgA-not helpful; elevated only in 15% of patients
rapid progression-rare
A 12-year oldchild was referred to you due to recurrent episodes of hematuria.Which of the following is NOT part of your differential diagnosis?
a. PSGN
b. IgA Nephropathy
c. Alport syndrome
d. Thin basement membrane
disease
a. PSGN
Which of the following is TRUE of UTI?
a. Imaging is needed to make the clinical diagnosis of UTI or pyelonephritis.
b. If the culture shows > 50,000 colony-forming units/mL of a single pathogen(suprapubic or catheter sample) and the urinalysis has pyuria or bacteriuria in asymptomatic child, the child is considered to have a UTI.
c. It is recommended to start antibiotic prophylaxis in children with a first episode ofpyelonephritis.
d. All of the above are correct.
b. If the culture shows > 50,000 colony-forming units/mL of a single pathogen(suprapubic or catheter sample) and the urinalysis has pyuria or bacteriuria in asymptomatic child, the child is considered to have a UTI.
Which of the following associations is INCORRECT?
a. Atrial natriuretic factor: sodium excretion
b. Angiotensin II: increase sodium reabsorption
c. Aldosterone: increase potassium reabsorption
d. Norepinephrine: decrease filtered sodium load
c. Aldosterone: increase potassium reabsorption
5-year old child was brought to the ER due to sudden onset of pallor, weaknessand anuria. She was treated for AGE with some dehydration 5 days prior.Laboratory findings include elevataed serum BUN and creatinine, anemia andthrombocytopenia. Which of the following is part of its management?
a. Platelet transfusion
b. Start Metronidazole IV
c. Monitoring of potential complications
d. All of the above.
c. Monitoring of potential complications
The following are TRUE regarding toxic nephropathy EXCEPT
a. Treatment is supportive.
b. Pharmacologic agents are the most common cause.
c. Contrast agents cause direct tubule cell injury and renal vasoconstriction.
d. Diminished urine output is the hallmark of contrast-induced nephropathy.
d. Diminished urine output is the hallmark of contrast-induced nephropathy.
A 17-year old male was seen at the ER due to elevated creatinine and hypertension. He had recurrent episodes of gross hematuria but otherwise asymptomatic. He also complained of new onset visual and hearing problems. His father and uncles on the paternal side are on hemodialysis of unknown cause.
Which of the following is TRUE of the disease?
A. Gross hematuria is the most prominent feature of the
disease.
B. The risk of progression is highest in patients with X-linked inheritance.
C. The most common cause is mutation in the genes coding for COL4A3 and COL4A4.
D. The presence of hematuria, anterior lenticonus, sensorineural deafness is enough to make the diagnosis.
D. The presence of hematuria, anterior lenticonus, sensorineural deafness is enough to make the diagnosis.
An 8-year old boy was brought to the ER due to edema. He presented with tea-colored urine 4 days ago and periorbital and bipedal edema 1 day PTC. No consult was done. No medication was given. There was no history of fever, LBM, vomiting, rashes, sore throat, cough. Pertinent physical findings include hypertension, periorbital and bipedal edema, clear breath sounds, with multiple healed skin lesions on his lower extremities. Which is NOT an expected course of the disease?
A. Persistently low serum C3
B. Acute phase will resolve in 6-8 weeks.
C. Persistent microscopic hematuria can persist for 1-2
years
D. Urinary protein excretion and hypertension normalize by 4-6 weeks.
A. Persistently low serum C3
The gold standard in measuring kidney function is
A. Iohexol
B. Cystatin C
C. Serum creatinine
D. Inulin clearance
D. Inulin clearance
What is the estimated GFR in a 10-year old child with a height of 130cm and serum creatinine of 2mg/dl?
A. 26 ml/min/1.73m2
B. 28 ml/min/1.73m2
C. 30 ml/min/1.73m2
D. 31 ml/min/1.73m2
B. 28 ml/min/1.73m2
For extraglomerular hematuria, the 1st step in evaluating your patient would be:
A. do renal ultrasound
B. request for urine culture
C. do urinalysis of siblings, parents
D. request for serum protein and creatinine
B. request for urine culture
Membranous nephropathy is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Which of the following is the most common cause?
a. SLE nephritis
b. Chronic hepatitis B
c. Congenital syphilis
d. All of the above
d. All of the above
True of Membranoproliferative Disease EXCEPT:
a. poor prognosis
b. low C3 levels
c. male and female predilection
d. local features provide the type
of MPGN
d. local features provide the type
The most common cause of hematuria in children is:
a. UTI
b. PSGN
c. IgA Nephropathy
d. Nephrolithiasis
a. UTI
Anti-GBM nephritis is characteristic of this renal disease:
a. RPGN
b. HSP Nephritis
c. Alport syndrome
d. SLE Nephritis
c. Alport syndrome
Goodpasture’s Disease involves the following triad EXCEPT:
a. Pulmonary hemorrhage
b. Rapidly progressive GN
c. Elevated Anti-GBM Ag titers
d. Linear disposition of Immunoglobulin G
c. Elevated Anti-GBM Ag titers
Abnormally split and laminated glomerular basement membrane is characteristic of this renal disease:
A. Alport syndrome
B. Membranous nephropathy
C. Goodpasture’s syndrome
D. Thin basement membrane
disease
A. Alport syndrome
This triad of signs and symptoms is the classic presentation of Acute Tubulointerstitial Nephritis.
A. Fever,rash,arthritis
B. Fever,rash,arthralgia
C. Fever, rash, low serum creatinine
D. Fever, blisters, high serum creatinine
B. Fever,rash,arthralgia
A 5-year old boy came in to you due to hematuria. The mother described it as tea-colored. Urinalysis revealed hematuria with deformed RBCs. What is the most likely involved part of the urinary tract?
A. Glomerulus
B. Proximal tubule
C. Distal tubule
D. Urinarybladder
A. Glomerulus
In SLE nephritis, which of the following findings require an aggressive treatment?
Fibrous
Wire-loop lesion
Glomerulosclerosis
All of the above
All of the above
This disease is characterized by predominance of IgA immunoglobulin withmesangial glomerular deposits in the absence of systemic disease.
Hereditary Nephritis
Alport syndrome
Berger’s Nephropathy
Thin Basement membrane Disease
Berger’s Nephropathy
The glomerular capillary wall is composed of 3 important layers. The predominant cell/layer involved in most glomerular diseases characterized by heavy proteinuria is the
a. Podocyte
b. Endothelial cell
c. Glomerular membrane
d. All of the above
a. Podocyte
A 10-year old child came in at the OPD due to generalized edema and frothy urine. THere was no hematuria, hypertension and history of streptococcal infection. You suspect nephrotic syndrome. Which of the following is a finding that will NOT support your diagnosis?
a. Proteinuria +1
b. Serum albumin of 2g/L
c. Cholesterol of 250mg/dl
d. Urine protein 550mg/dl, urine
creatinine 150mg/dl
a. Proteinuria +1
Tubular transport capabilities of neonates and young infants are less than those of adults. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of young infants?
a. Reduced tubular immaturity
b. Reduced glomerular filtration
rate
c. Decreased concentrating
gradient
d. Increased responsiveness to
antidiuretic hormone
d. Increased responsiveness to antidiuretic hormone
Which of the following is TRUE of RPGN?
a. Cellular crescents is a late finding
b. The crescents involved the visceral epithelial cells
d. None of the above is correct
c. The hallmark of the disease
is the histopathologic finding
of epithelial crescents
involving more than 50% of
the glomerul
d. None of the above is correct
c. The hallmark of the disease
is the histopathologic finding
of epithelial crescents
involving more than 50% of
the glomerul
Which of the following is a cause of pre-renal AKI?
a. Neurogenic bladder
b. Acute tubular necrosis
c. Tumor lysis syndrome
d. AGE with moderate
dehydration
d. AGE with moderate
dehydration
Tubulointerstitial Nephritis is characterized by the ff involvement of one of the structures EXCEPT:
a. Glomerulus
b. Distal tubules
c. Proximal tubules
d. Loop of Henle
e. Urinary Bladder
a. Glomerulus
sparing of glomerulus and vessels
Case 3
A 16yo/F came in at the Emergency Room due to seizure. Further history taking revealed a history of fever associated with rashes and joint pains. Her chest xray revealed pleural effusion. She was previously admitted in Cebu due to same condition but went home against medical advice. Prior her discharge, a kidney biopsy was done which revealed 75% of the glomeruli involved with active sediments. She is hypertensive and urinalysis releaved 4+ proteinuria.
What is her WHO classification?
a. Minimal Mesangial LN
b. Focal Proliferative LN
c. Diffuse Proliferative LN
d. Mesangial Proliferative LN
c. Diffuse Proliferative LN
True of her treatment?
a. Immunosuppressive therapy
b. Goal to normalize C3 and C4
c. Goal to normalize renal function
and proteinuria
d. all of the above
d. all of the above
End Stage Renal Disease is a state in which a patient’s renal dysfunction has progressed to the point at which homeostasis and survival can no longer be sustained by medical management.
a. TRUE
b. FALSE
a. TRUE
In acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, ASO titer is elevated after pharyngeal infection and rarely after a cutaneous one.
a. TRUE
b. FALSE
a. TRUE
MATCHING TYPE:
A- Upper urinary tract source of hematuria
B- Lower urinary tract source of hematuria
C- Both
Terminal hematuria
B- Lower urinary tract source of hematuria
MATCHING TYPE:
A- Upper urinary tract source of hematuria
B- Lower urinary tract source of hematuria
C- Both
Deformed RBCs -
A- Upper urinary tract source of hematuria
MATCHING TYPE:
A- Upper urinary tract source of hematuria
B- Lower urinary tract source of hematuria
C- Both
Cola-colored urine
A- Upper urinary tract source of hematuria
MATCHING TYPE:
A- Upper urinary tract source of hematuria
B- Lower urinary tract source of hematuria
C- Both
Bright red/pink urine
B- Lower urinary tract source of hematuria
MATCHING TYPE:
A- Upper urinary tract source of hematuria
B- Lower urinary tract source of hematuria
C- Both
Proteinuria < 100 mg/dL via dipstick - B
B- Lower urinary tract source of hematuria
MATCHING TYPE:
A- Upper urinary tract source of hematuria
B- Lower urinary tract source of hematuria
C- Both
Presence of renal tubular casts
A- Upper urinary tract source of hematuria
MATCHING TYPE:
A- Upper urinary tract source of hematuria
B- Lower urinary tract source of hematuria
C- Both
Originates from the nephron
A- Upper urinary tract source of hematuria
MATCHING TYPE:
A- Upper urinary tract source of hematuria
B- Lower urinary tract source of hematuria
C- Both
Originate from the pelvocaliceal system, ureter, bladder, or urethra
B- Lower urinary tract source of hematuria
MATCHING TYPE:
A- Upper urinary tract source of hematuria
B- Lower urinary tract source of hematuria
C- Both
Originate from the glomerulus, tubular system or interstitium
A- Upper urinary tract source of hematuria
A 5-year-old/F came in due to red urine. Hematuria is defined as:
a) Persistence of presence of more than 5 red blood cells/low power field in an uncentrifuged urine
b) Persistence of presence of more than 5 red blood cells/low power field in a centrifuged urine
c) Persistence of presence of more than 5 red blood cell/high power field in an uncentrifuged
urine
d) Persistence of presence of more than 5 red blood cells/high power field in a centrifuged urine
c) Persistence of presence of more than 5 red blood cell/high power field in an uncentrifuged
urine
The following are multi-systemic diseases that can cause hematuria in children EXCEPT:
a) Berger Disease
b) Henoch Schonlein Purpura
c) SLE Nephritis
d) Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
e) none of the above
a) Berger Disease
isolated renal disease
TM, 7yo/F was brought to the emergency room due to seizures. Mother claimed that she has
been complaining of decreased frequency of urination with red urine 3 days ago, headache, and
blurring of vision a day prior to admission.
On admission, the following are the laboratory examination you may request:
a) CBC with platelet count
b) Urinalysis
c.) C3
d) ASO titer
e) All except A
f) All of the above
f) All of the above
The following are the expected results of TM’s work-up EXCEPT:
a) CBC with platelet count – Anemia
b) ASO titer – Normal
c) Urinalysis – Red Blood Cells
d) C3 – Low
e) None of the above
e) None of the above
After the laboratory results came out, you diagnosed her with Acute Glomerulonephritis
TM’s condition is expected:
a) 3-4 weeks after streptococcal pharyngitis
b) 4-5 weeks after streptococcal pyoderma
c) Both are correct
d) Both are incorrect
d) Both are incorrect
- 1-2 weeks after streptococcal pharyngitis
- 3-6 weeks after streptococcal pyoderma
Treatment of TM’s condition includes the following EXCEPT:
a) Salt and fluid restriction
b) Anti-hypertensives like ACE inhibitors, Ca channel antagonists, and vasodilators
c) Directed at treating the acute effects of renal dysfunction and hypertension
d) Systemic antibiotic therapy of 1 week
d) Systemic antibiotic therapy of 1 week
10 days penicillin
You decided to discharge TM. Your advice to her mother includes:
a) Microscopic hematuria can persist up to 24 months
b) Blood pressure normalizes in 1 month
c) Urinary protein excretion normalizes in 6 weeks
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
1-2 years hematuria may persist
4-6 weeks protein normalizes
NE, 10 years old/M was brought to the clinic due to edema. There was no history of hematuria.
Vital signs: BP:90/60mmHg, HR:99, RR:25. Pertinent PE findings are facial and scrotal edema
and positive for fluid wave test.
- What are your expected urinalysis result of NE?
- a) With or without microscopic hematuria
b) 3+ or 4+ proteinuria
c) Both
d) None of the above
c) Both
What are the expected laboratory results of NE’s condition?
a) Urine protein:creatinine ratio < 2.0
b) Elevated C3 and C4
c) Albumin < 3.0 g/dL
d) Cholesterol > 200mg/dL
d) Cholesterol > 200mg/dL
Two days after consult, NE came back with her laboratory results. But she started complaining
of abdominal pain and fever.
10. What is/are the possible etiologic agent(s) of NE’s condition?
a) Pneumococcus
b) Gram negative bacteria
c) Both
d) None of the above
c) Both
SG, 10 years old/F came in due to dysuria and suprapubic pain.
11. The following is/are true of SG’s condition:
a) Caused by ascending infection
b) Some children will present with occasional diarrhea
c) Results in renal injury
d) Always presents with fever
a) Caused by ascending infection
A 16yo/F came in at the emergency room due to seizure. Further history taking revealed a
history of fever associated with rashes and joint pains. Her chest X-ray revealed pleural
effusion. She was previously admitted in Cebu due to the same condition but went home against
medical advice. Prior to her discharge, a kidney biopsy was done which revealed 75% of the
glomeruli involved with active sediments. She is hypertensive and urinalysis revealed 4+
proteinuria.
- What is her WHO classification?
a) Diffuse Proliferative LN
b) Focal Proliferative LN
c) Minimal Mesangial LN
d) Mesangial Proliferative LN
a) Diffuse Proliferative LN
True of her treatment?
a) Immunosuppressive therapy
b) Goal to normalize renal function and proteinuria
c) Goal to normalize C3 and C4
d) All of the above
d) All of the above
A 5-year-old/F was brought to the ER due to rash and abdominal pain. She previously had cough and cold a week prior
- True of her condition
a) Most common medium vessel vasculitis
b) Character to rash is purpuric
c) 75% develop renal manifestation
d) 25% progress to CKD if untreated
b) Character to rash is purpuric
Triad of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and renal insufficiency.
- All are true of the most common form, EXCEPT?
a) Atypical form
b) Occurs 5-7 days after fever, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea
c) Caused by STEC
d) Transmitted by unpasteurized milk
a) Atypical form
Matching type:
A) Upper Urinary Tract Sources of Hematuria
B) Lower Urinary Tract Sources of Hematuria
C) Both
Proteinuria > 100mg/dL via dipstick
A) Upper Urinary Tract Sources of Hematuria
A. REMISSION
B.RELAPSE
C. FREQUENTLY RELAPSING
D. STEROID DEPENDENT
E. STEROID RESISTANT
F. RESPONSE
A. REMISSION
B.RELAPSE
C. FREQUENTLY RELAPSING
D. STEROID DEPENDENT
E. STEROID RESISTANT
F. RESPONSE
JL was given prednisone for 4 weeks but her urinalysis still showed 3+ proteinuria
E. STEROID RESISTANT
A. REMISSION
B.RELAPSE
C. FREQUENTLY RELAPSING
D. STEROID DEPENDENT
E. STEROID RESISTANT
F. RESPONSE
HM is a diagnosed case of nephrotic syndrome 2 months ago however had first morning urine protein
creatinine ratio of 1.0 and a reading of 3+ for 3 consecutive days
B.RELAPSE
A. REMISSION
B.RELAPSE
C. FREQUENTLY RELAPSING
D. STEROID DEPENDENT
E. STEROID RESISTANT
F. RESPONSE
CC came to your clinic due to edema. Past Medical History: She is a diagnosed case of Nephrotic
Syndrome May 2019. She had 2 relapses since then.
C. FREQUENTLY RELAPSING
A. REMISSION
B.RELAPSE
C. FREQUENTLY RELAPSING
D. STEROID DEPENDENT
E. STEROID RESISTANT
F. RESPONSE
HM was treated then repeat urine protein:creatinine ration is <0.1 and <1+ protein on urine dipstick
testing for 3 consecutive days
A. REMISSION
A. REMISSION
B.RELAPSE
C. FREQUENTLY RELAPSING
D. STEROID DEPENDENT
E. STEROID RESISTANT
F. RESPONSE
MD was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome and responded well with her prednisone treatment hence
her nephrologist started tapering her steroids but her edema recurred and her urinalysis revealed 4+
proteinuria for 3 days
D. STEROID DEPENDENT
A. REMISSION
B.RELAPSE
C. FREQUENTLY RELAPSING
D. STEROID DEPENDENT
E. STEROID RESISTANT
F. RESPONSE
PM was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome and on steroid treatment for 4 weeks and her 3 days daily
urinalysis revealed negative for proteinuria.
F. RESPONSE
A. REMISSION
B.RELAPSE
C. FREQUENTLY RELAPSING
D. STEROID DEPENDENT
E. STEROID RESISTANT
F. RESPONSE
AJ was diagnosed with nephrotic syndrome and responded well with her prednisone treatment hence
her nephrologist started tapering her steroids until discontinued. However, 1 week after discontinuation of
prednisone, her edema recurred and her urinalysis revealed 4+ proteinuria for 3 days
D. STEROID DEPENDENT
A. ACUTE TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
B. CHRONIC TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
Caused by antimicrobials
A. ACUTE TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
A. ACUTE TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
B. CHRONIC TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
Presents with fever, rash, and arthralgia with rising creatinine
A. ACUTE TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
A. ACUTE TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
B. CHRONIC TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
Caused by tacrolimus
B. CHRONIC TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
A. ACUTE TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
B. CHRONIC TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
Treatment includes Prednisone
A. ACUTE TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
A. ACUTE TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
B. CHRONIC TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
Common in congenital urologic disease
B. CHRONIC TUBULOINTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
A. PRERENAL AKI
B. INTRINSIC RENAL AKI
C. POSTRENAL AKI
diminished effective circulating arterial volume
A. PRERENAL AKI
A. PRERENAL AKI
B. INTRINSIC RENAL AKI
C. POSTRENAL AKI
structural kidney damage is absent
A. PRERENAL AKI
A. PRERENAL AKI
B. INTRINSIC RENAL AKI
C. POSTRENAL AKI
obstruction of urinary tract
C. POSTRENAL AKI
A. PRERENAL AKI
B. INTRINSIC RENAL AKI
C. POSTRENAL AKI
neurogenic bladder
C. POSTRENAL AKI
A. PRERENAL AKI
B. INTRINSIC RENAL AKI
C. POSTRENAL AKI
sepsis
A. PRERENAL AKI
A. PRERENAL AKI
B. INTRINSIC RENAL AKI
C. POSTRENAL AKI
posterior urethral valves
C. POSTRENAL AKI
A. PRERENAL AKI
B. INTRINSIC RENAL AKI
C. POSTRENAL AKI
renal parenchymal damage
B. INTRINSIC RENAL AKI
A. PRERENAL AKI
B. INTRINSIC RENAL AKI
C. POSTRENAL AKI
nephrotoxic insults
B. INTRINSIC RENAL AKI
TRUE OR FALSE.
In acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis, ASO titer is elevated after pharyngeal infection and rarely after cutaneous one
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE.
Renal tubular acidosis is a disease state characterized by a non-anion gap metabolic alkalosis in the
setting of a normal or near normal GFR
FALSE
metabolic acidosis
TRUE OR FALSE.
Urinary Tract Infection is caused by Escherichia coli in 50% of cases
FALSE
54-67%
TRUE OR FALSE.
End Stage Renal Disease is a state in which a patient’s renal dysfunction has progressed to the point at
which homeostasis and survival can no longer be sustained by medical management
TRUE
TRUE OR FALSE.
Streptozyme screen is the best singe antibody titer to document cutaneous streptococcal infection
FALSE
antideoxyribonuclease B level
What is the most common cause
of acute renal failure in
children?
a. Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
b. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
Nephritis
c. Goodpasture Syndrome
d. Chronic Tubulointerstitial
Nephritis
a. Hemolytic-Uremic Syndrome
Linear IgG on immunofluorescence is found in this particular renal disease that manifests as acute glomerulonephritis.
a. Ig A Nephropathy
b. Goodpasture Syndrome
c. Poststreptococcal
Glomerulonephritis
d. Rapidly Progressive
Glomerulonephritis
b. Goodpasture Syndrome
Which of the following manifests
with hypertension in 70% of
cases:
a. Ig A nephropathy
b. Goodpastures Syndrome
c. Poststreptococcal GN
d. Rapidly progressive
glomerulonephritis
c. Poststreptococcal GN
Alport syndrome is a genetically
heterogenous disease caused by
mutations in the gene coding
for:
a. Type 1 collagen
b. Type II collagen
c. Type III collagen
d. Type IV collagen
d. Type IV collagen
What is the most severe form of
lupus nephritis?
a. WHO Class II nephritis
b. WHO Class III nephritis
c. WHO Class IV nephritis
d. WHO Class V nephritis
c. WHO Class IV nephritis
What strain causes acute
poststreptococcal GN?
a. Streptococci viridans
b. Group C streptococci
c. Group B A-hemolytic streptococci
d. Group A B-hemolytic streptococci
d. Group A B-hemolytic streptococci
Membranous Lupus Nephritis is
less commonly seen as an isolated
lesion and it also belongs to this
WHO classification.
a. Class I Nephritis
b. Class II Nephritis
c. Class IV Nephrits
d. Class V Nephritis
d. Class V Nephritis
What is the most common cause
of chronic glomerulonephritis in
older children and adults?
a. Ig A nephropathy
b. Nephrotic Syndrome
c. Poststreptococcal GN
d. Membranoproliferative GN
d. Membranoproliferative GN
What differentiates HSP nephritis
from Ig A nephropathy?
a. proteinuria
b. gross hematuria
c. purpuric rash
d. Crescent formation
c. purpuric rash
Patients with membranous
glomerulopathy are at increased
risk for:
a. Renal artery thrombosis
b. Hemolytic-Uremic syndrome
c. Renal vein thrombosis
d. Membranoproliferative GN
c. Renal vein thrombosis
A child presented with fever,
nausea, vomiting and flank pain,
what will be your likely
diagnosis?
a. Cystitis
b. Bacteriuria
c. Pyelonephritis
d. Vesico-uretral reflux
c. Pyelonephritis
Very rarely does acute renal
failure occurs in this primary renal
disease that manifests as acute
glomerulonephritis.
a. Ig A Nephropathy
b. Post streptococcal GN
c. Good pasture Syndrome
d. Rapidly Progressive GN
a. Ig A Nephropathy
A 14-year-old adolescent girl
presented with palpable purpuric
rash on the buttocks and lower
extremities with arthritis of ankles
and knees. Investigation as follow;
erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-
reactive protein, and white blood
cell count are elevated, the
platelet count is normal, urinalysis
show evidence of hematuria.
a. IgG
b. IgM
c. IgA
d. IgE
c. IgA
What precedes Hemolytic-Uremic
syndrome:
a. Pneumonia
b. Amoebiasis
c. Nephritis
d. Diarrhea by shiga-like toxin E.
Coli
d. Diarrhea by shiga-like toxin E. coli
A 10-year old male who previously
had URTI, presents with BP of
140/100, gross hematuria. C3
levels are normal, Ig A levels are
elevated, what is the primary
treatment for this patient?
a. Steroids
b. Antibiotics
c. Blood pressure control
d. Renal transplant
a. Steroids
The histopathologic finding of
crescents in glomeruli is the
hallmark of this particular renal
disease that manifests with acute
nephritis.
a. HSP Nephritis
b. Cresentic GN
c. Membranoproliferazive GN
d. Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome
b. Cresentic GN
What is suggestive of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?
a. Increase C3 levels
b. Decrease C3 levels
c. Normal C3 levels
d. Increase serum Ig A levels
b. Decrease C3 levels
