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FINALS-PEDIA > Endocrine Disorders > Flashcards

Endocrine Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Extracellular fluid volume is
regulated by this mechanism.

a. Potassium intake and secretion
b. Potassium intake and excretion
c. Sodium intake and secretion
d. Sodium intake and excretion

A

d. Sodium intake and excretion

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2
Q

The following are true in the
management of severe
Hyponatremia:

a. Fluid restriction
b. Raise serum Na+ @ 0.5mEq/L/Hr using isotonic 3% NaCl
c. Do emergency fluid challenge when serum sodium is <130 meq/L
d. Raise serum Na+ no higher than 12 mEq/L/24hrs with hypertonic 3% NaCl

A

d. Raise serum Na+ no higher than 12 mEq/L/24hrs with hypertonic 3% NaCl

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3
Q

A water deprivation test is indicated when pathologic polyuria and polydipsia are present and serum osmolality is:

a. > 250 mOsm/kg, < 300 mOsm/kg
b. > 260 mOsm/kg, < 300 mOsm/kg
c. > 270 mOsm/kg, < 300 mOsm/kg
d. > 270 mOsm/kg, > 300 mOsm/kg
4

A

c. > 270 mOsm/kg, < 300 mOsm/kg

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4
Q

A consequence of Radioactive iodine Ablation in patients with Grave’s disease would be:

a. Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
b. Permanent hypothyroidism
c. Transient diabetes insipidus
d. Transient hypoparathyroidism

A

b. Permanent hypothyroidism

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5
Q

In systemic dehydration, the
intravascular volume characterized
as:

a. Low
b. High
c. Normal
d. Very high

A

a. Low

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6
Q

The following are TRUE of Type 1
Diabetes Milletus EXCEPT:

a. utilization of glucose by muscle and fat decreases
b. dependent on insulin to prevent
metabolic alkalosis
c. Due to autoimmmune destruction of pancreatic B cells
d. if uncontrolled, would lead to a nonlabored, rapid breathing

A

b. dependent on insulin to prevent metabolic alkalosis

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7
Q

The diagnosis of diabetes insipidus
is established when:

a. Serum osmolality is >200; urine
osmolality is < 200
b. Serum osmolality is >300; urine
osmolality is > 300
c. Serum osmolality is < 200; urine
osmolality is >200
d. Serum osmolality is >300; urine
osmolality is < 300

A

d. Serum osmolality is >300; urine
osmolality is < 300

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8
Q

Diagnostic criteria for Diabetic
Milletus includes the following
EXCEPT:

a. FBS >126mg/dL
b. RBS > 100mg/dL
c. HbA1c of >6.5%
d. 2-hour plasma glucose of 200mg/dL

A

b. RBS > 100mg/dL

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9
Q

The following are true about
Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis EXCEPT:

a. presence of thyrothropin receptorblocking Ab (TRB Ab)
b. patients don’t present with normal serum T4 and TSH
c. in marked hypothyroidism, there is an elevated TSH, low FT4
d. in subclinical hypothyroidism, there is an
elevated TSH and normal FT4

A

b. patients don’t present with normal serum T4 and TSH

a. presence of thyrothropin receptorblocking Ab (TRB Ab)

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10
Q

This is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children presenting with polyuria, polydypsia and an FBS
of 250mg/dL

a. Ketoacidosis
b. Cerebral edema
c. Hyperglycemia
d. Nonketotic Hyperosmolar coma

A

b. Cerebral edema

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11
Q

This is the mainstay for the
management of Central Diabetes
Insipidus.

a. Pitressin
b. Fluid therapy
c. Desmopressin
d. Caloric load for osmotic load

A

b. Fluid therapy

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12
Q

The following statements are TRUE
about Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
EXCEPT:

a. Non-insulin dependent diabetes
b. Noted peripheral insulin resistance
c. With absolute insulin deficiency
d. non-autoimmune destruction of B cells

A

c. With absolute insulin deficiency

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13
Q

A 1-month old presents with vomiting and severe dehydration. PE shows ambiguous genitalia.Lab tests show hyponatremia. One of the following is the most reliable laboratory parameter to diagnose this patient: An increase in serum

a. 17-hydroxylase
b. 21A-Hydroxylase
c. 17A- OH progesterone
d. 17A-OH pregnenolone

A

c. 17A- OH progesterone

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14
Q

In cerebral salt wasting, vasopressin level is characterized as:

a. Low
b. High
c. Normal
d. Very high

A

a. Low

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15
Q

The following are true of Pheochromocytoma EXCEPT:

a. the lesion involve the right kidney
b. Sx-free in between attacks of HPN
c. Most common site is the adrenal cortex
d. Surgical removal is the mainstay of management

A

c. Most common site is the adrenal cortex

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16
Q

Rapid correction of a person with
serum sodium of 115meq/L will
cause:

a. Cerebral salt wasting
b. Lateral pontine myelinolysis
c. Central cerebellar myelinolysis
d. Central pontine myelinolysis

A

d. Central pontine myelinolysis

17
Q

Vasopressin insufficiency is found in what condition?

a. Central Diabetes insipidus
b. Genetic Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
c. Acquired Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus
d. Both Genetic, Acquired Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus

A

a. Central Diabetes insipidus

18
Q

The triphasic response mechanism
involved after a surgery or trauma is as follows :

a. Transient Diabetes insipidus —
Permanent Diabetes insipidus—
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH
secretion
b. Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH
secretion —Transient DI -Permanent DI
c. Transient DI— SIADH — Permanent DI
d. Permanent DI— SIADH — Transient DI

A

c. Transient DI— SIADH — Permanent DI

19
Q

A 1-month old presents with vomiting and severe dehydration. PE shows ambiguous genitalia. Lab tests show hyponatremia. There is a deficienc in what enzyme/hormone?

a. 11 B-Hydroxylase
b. 17B-Hydroxylase
c. 21A-Hydroxylase
d. 17A-hydroxyprogesterone

A

c. 21A-Hydroxylase

20
Q

This is the main goal for the
treatment of Nephrogenic Diabetes insipidus.

a. Diuretics
b. Treat underlying problem
c. Provide enough calories
d. High dose Desmopressin

A

b. Treat underlying problem

21
Q

Excessive urine excretion and
excessive thirst are common clinical manifestations in the following EXCEPT:

a. Primary polydipsia
b. Cushing syndrome
c. Pheochromocytoma
d. Maturity onset Diabetes of the Young

A

b. Cushing syndrome

22
Q

A 2-month old appears to be having inadequate weight gain. His mother claims that he is constipated. On PE, he has decreased muscle tone, a large fontanel, a large tongue, an
umbilical hernia. The most common cause for this case is:

a. Iodine deficiency
b. Thyroid malformation
c. TSH unresponsiveness
d. Defect in thyroid hormone synthesis
e. Maternal Abs: Thyrothropin receptorblocking Ab (TRB Ab)

A

b. Thyroid malformation

23
Q

A patient had recently a
meningococcal infection and
manifested the following : muscular weakness, malaise, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, wt loss, with saltcraving. On PE, there are highly pigmented- skin creases, mucosa, scars. The definitive test to confirm diagnosis is:

a. Catecholamine levels
b. Water deprivation test
c. Single-dose Dexamethasone Suppression
Test
d. Cortisol levels before and after ACTH administration

A

d. Cortisol levels before and after ACTH administration

24
Q

A 2-month old appears to be having inadequate weight gain. His mother claims that he is constipated. On PE, he has decreased muscle tone, a
large fontanel, a large tongue, an
umbilical hernia. The drug of choice for this patient is:

a. PTU
b. Levothyroxine
c. Desmopressin
d. Hydrocortisone

A

b. Levothyroxine

25
Q

Chronic SIADH is BEST treated with one of the following :

a. Diuretics
b. Demeclocycline
c. Oral fluid restriction
d. Sodium supplementation

A

c. Oral fluid restriction

26
Q

A 12- year old female has a 6-month history of hyperactivity with declining school performance. Although her appetite is increased , she doesn’t gain weight. PE showed mild exopthalmos, slight tremors of the fingers and a neck mass. The following are true for this case EXCEPT:

a. Low TSH
b. Thyroxine is increased
c. Thyroid Receptor Antibody confirms the diagnosis
d. Aside from PTU, may give Carbimazole (more potent) as treatment

A

d. Aside from PTU, may give Carbimazole (more potent) as treatment

27
Q

The most common cause of patients presenting with rounded face, prominent cheeks, moon facies, “Buffalo hump”, generalized obesity, abnormal masculinization and Impaired growth with hypertension is:

a. dyshormonogenesis
b. acquired primary adrenal insufficiency
c. autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islets
d. prolonged exogenous administration of glucocorticoid hormones

A

d. prolonged exogenous administration of glucocorticoid hormones

28
Q

One of the following is NOT part of
the management of diabetic
ketoacidosis.

a. Sodium HC03 only if pH is <7.2
b. Initial hydration fluid of hypertonic 3% NaCl
c. Administration of glucose (5% soln in 0.2 N saline)
d. Give K+ added after the initial 20ml/kg if UO is adequate

A

b. Initial hydration fluid of hypertonic 3% NaCl

29
Q

2-month old appears to be having
inadequate weight gain. His mother claims that he is constipated. On PE, he has decreased muscle tone, a large fontanel, a large tongue, an
umbilical hernia. The earliest
manifestation of this patient would
have been:

a. Hypotonia
b. Cold, mottled skin
c. Prolonged physiologic jaundice
d. Edematous genitalia, extremities

A

c. Prolonged physiologic jaundice

30
Q

Vasopressin release is stimulated by this process:

a. Decreases in plasma tonicity
b. Increases in plasma tonicity
c. Decreases in urine volume
d. Increases in urine volume

A

b. Increases in plasma tonicity

31
Q
A

FINALS-PEDIA (16 decks)

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